COOK. 366 COOKE. 1878) ; Russell, Chart of the World, .... Shoitinci the Track and Discoveries of Captain Cook (London, 17!)!)). COOK, JosKi'ii (183S-1!)01). An American lecturer und autlior, born at Ticonderoga, K. Y. He studied at Phillips Academy and at Yale, and graduated at Harvard in 1865. He then sjient three years at Andover Theological Seminary; preached in various Congregational churches; spent two ]nore years in study in (iermany, and then settled in Boston, where iu 1874 he began his 'Boston Monday Lectures,' which became very popular and which he continued until 1880, when he set out on a two years' lecturing journey round the world. In 1883 he resumed his Mon- day Lectures in Boston. In 1888 he founded a religious monthly called Our Day. He lectured on many subjects, both in Europe and in America, and had great vogue with a part of the religious public for the reason that all of his jihilosophical discourses were attempts to harmonize religion and science. He published: Monday Lectures (11 vols., 1876-88) ; The Higher Levels of Arhitratiofi (1900); and Kew Defences of the Lord's Day (1900). COOK, Thomas (1808-92). An English rail- way excursion and tourist pioneer, born at Mel- bourne, Derbyshire. His energy was at first devoted to the cause of temperance, but later to the work with which his name is now inseparably connected. Begiiming in 1841 with trips between Leicester and Loughborough, on the Midland Railway, the business rapidly increased in spite of many difficulties. The tourist tickets of Thomas Cook & Sou have now become known all over the world. Sec Cook's Excursions. COOKE, George Frederick (1756-1811). An English tragedian, born at Yestminster. He made his debut on the stiige in 1776, and soon became very popular in England and Ireland. In 1810 he appeared in New York and other Ameri- can cities, where his success was equally great. Although possessed of fine talents, Cooke ruined his career by intemperance, which also caused his death. His best work was in the characters of Shylock, lago. and Richard III. Edmimd Kean, who admired him as the greatest of actors, erect- ed a monument to his memory in .Saint Paul's Churchyard, New York City. Consult Dunlap, Memoirs of Cooke (London, 1813). COOKE, George Ynxis ( 1848—) . An Ameri- can clergyman, editor, and author, born at Corn- stock, Mich. He studied at Olivet College (Mich.) and at the ileadville Theological School (Pa.) ; was in 1872 ordained to the Unitarian ministry, and until his retirement in 1899 held pastorates at Grand Haven, Mich.; Indianapolis, Ind. : Dedham, Mass. ; Lexington, Mass. ; and Dviblin, N. H. In 1897 he became an editor of The Christian Ee</ister, and in 1900 of the Bos- Ion Evening Transcript. He has lectured at the Concord School of Philosophy and has ]:)ublished such useful critical works auRalph Waldo Emer- son: His Life, Writinf/s. and Philosophy (1881) ; George Eliot: A Critical ^tndy of Her Life, Writings, and Philosophy (1883) ; and A Guide- Book to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Rob- ert Brou-ning (1891). COOKE, Henry (1788-1868). An Irish Pres- byterian leader. He wa.=i bom at Grillagh. near Maghera, County Derry. May 11. 178S; studied at Glasgow and Dublin : entered the ministrv in 1808, and from 1829 was pastor in Belfast, and from 1847 professor of sacred rhetoric in Queen's College there. He played a prominent part in his denomination's atlairs and was especially active and successful in combating Arianism in the Irish Presbyterian Church, and in promoting educational movements. He was an orator of a high grade, but he left no publications other than speeches and sermons. For a half-century his life was a large portion of the religious and pviblic history of Ireland. A statue of him was erected in Belfast in 1875. For his life, con.sult J. L. Porter (3d ed., Belfast, 1875). COOKE, ,Jay (1821-1905). An American banker and fiuiincier, born in Sanduskj'. Ohio, the son of Eleutheros Cooke, a pioneer Ohio lawyer and member of Congress. He was privately edu- cated, and in 1838, entered the banking house of E. W. Clark & Co., in Philadelphia, where he developed such rare ability in banking and finan- cial matters that he was made a junior member of the firm in 1842. In 1858 he retired from the firm, and until 1861 was engaged in financing railroad companies and negotiating their bond issues. In the latter year he established the bank- ing house of .laj' Cooke & Co., in Philadelphia. During the Civil War, as the principal financial agent of the Federal Government, he performed services of inestimable value to the nation. He negotiated the first five-twentv loan of .$513,000.- 000. the ten-forty loan of .$200,000,000. the seven- thirtv loan of .$830,000,000, and others, m.aking a total of over .$2,000,000,000. He was an ardent advocate of the national banking system, and was influential in securing its success at the start. The failure of his banking house in 1873, through having advanced too largeh' on Northern Pacific Railroad bonds, was one of the causes of the financial crisis in that year: but the prin- cipal and interest was eventually paid on all claims, and the firm continued successfully. COOKE, John ESTEN (1830-80). An Ameri- can novelist. He was born at Winchester. Ya., the son of a distinguished lawyer, John Rogers Cooke, and brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke (q.v. ). He studied law, but showed early a lit- erary bent, and published several books before he ■n'as twenty-five. Among tliese was his best work, The Virginia Comedians (1854), a Colonial romance uneven in merit, yet full of a promise not destined to be realized, on account in part of the strenuous experiences its author iniderwent during and after the Civil War. He entered the Confederate service on Stonewall Jackson's staflf, and on the death of the latter was transferred to the staff of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart. Later he was inspector-general of the horse artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia. From the close of the war until his death his pen was rarely idle. Novels dealing with military events in Virginia and biographies of the great generals under whom he had served were ]iroduced with a speed fatal to high literaiy art, but they did not pre- vent his work having distinct literary and his- toricaV value as representing the thoughts, feel- ings, and experiences of an active participant in the stirring events of the war and reconstruction periods. The most popular of his military nov- els is Surry of Eagle's Nest (18661. which is understood to be partly autobiographical. A complete list of his publications is not nece-ssary, but the followinn- mav be mentioned as impor- tant: Leather Stocking and Silk (1854); The
