COBONADO. 434 CORONER. horsemen, ])uslieil iiortlnvani, lioping to find a country rich in treasure. In July lie reached a group of tepee villages, somewhere near the bor- der line between Kansas and Nebraska. Con- vinced that the country contained nothing of value for him, altliougli he recognized its splen- did agricultural possibilities, Coronado returned to Tiguex. A severe fall from his horse induced Coronado to turn homeward in the spring. After several months of deprivation he reached Mexico with such of his army as had not deserted along the route. The viceroy received him coldly and allowed him to resign the govern- ment of New Galicia. Coronado is said to have lived quietly on his ample estates until his death, about 154B. The original documents describing Coronado's journey, which contain much information concerning the southwestern United States at the time it was first visited by Europeans, are translated in Winship, "The Coro- nado Expedition," in the Fourteenth Report of the Vnited States Bureau of Ethnology (Wash- ington, 1896). CORONATION (from Lat. coronare, to crown, from eoronn, crown). The act or cere- mony of crowning the sovereign of a monarchical country. The use of crowns in antiquity, as a mark either of honor or of rejoicing, will be ex- plained under Ceown. It was, no doubt, as an adaptation of this general custom to a special use that the practice of placing a crown on the head of a monarch at the commencement of his reign was introduced. The practice is very an- cient, as c may learn from the fact that Solo- mon and Ahaziali were crowned, and it has been followed in one form or another in most civilized monarchies. The ceremony is religious as well as political, and is usually performed by a high ecclesiastic, as a recognition that "the powers that be are ordained of God." Generally it has been accompanied by what was regarded as the still more solemn rite of anointing with oil, a ceremony which, from the time of the ancient Hebrews to our own, has been peculiarly signifi- cant of consecration or devotion to the service of God. The term employed for 'crowned' in the Saxon chronicle is 'gehalgod,' hallowed or con- secrated; and it would seem that the ceremony as then performed at Kingston-on-Thames or Winchester was in all essentials the same as that which now takes place in Westminster Abbey. Coronation in the early days of the European monarchies was an indispensable rite, without w-hich no accession to a throne would be recog- nized by the people; but in our day. the line of succession being clearly established, the ceremony is often deferred without prejudice to the loyalty of the subject. As a generally indispensable preliminary to coronation, a solemn pledge is in most countries exacted from the new sovereign, called the coro- nation oath. There are" very early traces of this, both among the Jews and among the rulers who established themselves upon the ruins of the Roman Empire. Before the principle of he- reditary succession was firmly established, the consent of the people was an important factor in a transfer of sovereignty, and was purchased by this solemn imdertaking to rule justly and to preserve every man's rights. The English coronation oath, as at present existing, is the most definite and carefully considered agreement of the kind. After the Kevolution of 1688 it was made more explicit than ever, including an c.- I)ress engagement on the part of the sovereign to maintain "the laws of God, the true profession of the Gospel, and the Protestant reformed reli- gion as it is established by law," The oaths of other countries are less elaborate and specific than that of England. For a learned treatment of coronation usages in general, as well as of a typical modern in- stance, consult Paseoe, The Pageant and Cere- mony of the Coronation of their Majesties King Edward the Seventh and Queen Alexandra (New York, inn-i). CORONATION, The. A play licensed by Shirley in 1635. It was, however, wrongly in- cluded in the earlier editions of Beaumont and Fletcher, as theirs. CORONATION CHAIR. The ancient throne used at the coronation of English kings since Edward I. It is kept in a fair state of preserva- tion in Westminster Abbey. Beneath the seat rests the famous Lia Fail, the Stone of Destiny, on which Scottish kings were crowTied. The stone is said to be the one used by Jacob as a pillow, and to have been taken to Tara in Ireland in the fifth century B.C., whence it was brought to Scot- land and removed to England by Edward I. CORONATION GULF. An inlet of the Arc- tie Ocean, ])cnetrating the continent of North America, north of the Arctic Circle, and included between longitudes 107° and 116° W., Bathurst Inlet being an extension toward the southeast. It is connected with other Arctic channels by Dease Strait on the northeast and Dolphin and Union Strait on the northwest (Map: North America, II 3). It is studded with islands and receives the waters of the Coppermine River from the south. CORONATION OATH. See Coronation. CORONEL, kO'ro-nel' (Sp., from Lat. coro- nalis, pertaining to a crown, from corona, crown ) . A port in the Province of Concepcion, Chile, situated on the Bay of Arauco (Map: Chile. C 11). It is the commercial centre for the highly productive coal-mining district in the vicinity, and is a coaling station. It is the resi- dence of a Ignited States consular agent. Popu- lation, in ISO.., 2202. CORONELLI, kii'ru-nelTe, Marco Vincenzo (16.50-1718). An Italian geographer, bom in Venice. He became a monk and devoted himself to cosmography in Venice. He then went to Paris, where he was commissioned by Louis XTV. to construct two large globes four meters in diameter, which are in the Biblioth&queNationale in Paris. They <are considered among the great- est curiosities of the science of the seventeenth century. In lOS.") Coronelli returned to Venice, was made geographer of the Republic in 1702, and in that capacity published a number of maps and histories. His works include: Isola di Rodi. gcografica, storicn. antica e moderna (1685- 1702) : Memorie istorieo-geografiche del regno dclla Morea (1685). CORONER. A very ancient and important county officer in England, Ireland, and Wales, whose original duty appears to have been that of keeping, as distinguished from holding, the pleas of the Crown : for coroners are designated in the earliest charters alluding to the ofiBce as
