CRAWFOBD. 547 GRAYER. 1S25. Crawford had been a candidate for the Presidential nomination in ISll!, and now thought himself entitled to sneeeed Monroe as President, and was ronTilarly nominated by the Consres- sional caucns which was then controlled hv hini; but the caucus system was then teni])orarily su- perseded (see Cavcts) , and there were four other candidates against him — Calhoun, .John Quincy Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Calhoun was paci- fied with the Vice-Presidency, to which he was chosen by 182 out of 21)0 votes. There was no choice for President, the vote being: Jackson, 99: Adams, 84; Crawford, 41; Clay, 37. About the time of the election Crawford was stricken with paralysis, from which he never wholly recovered. His condition rendered it impossible to consider him a candidate when the election came to be decided in the House of Representa- tives, although, even in such a condition, he received four of the twenty-four votes. From this time Crawford was out of the political field. He served as judge of the northern circuit of Gieorgia from 1827 until his death, which oc- curred September lo, 1834. CRAWFORD, William Henry (1855—). An American educator, born at Wilton Centre, 111. He graduated at the Northwestern University and the Garrett Biljlical Institute, and became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was appointed professor of historical theology in the Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., in 1889, and in 1893 became president of Allegheny College (Jfeadville. Pa.). CRAWFORD AND BALCAR'RES, Alex- AXDEK ^VlLLlAM CRAWFORD LiNDSAY, Earl of (1812-80). An English author. After graduat- ing at Cambridge, he traveled extensively in Egj-pt and Asia Minor. He took a considerable interest in astronomical investigations, and the expedition to the island of Mauritius in 1874, to observe the transit of Venus, was organized by him. For some inexplicable reason, his body was stolen shortly after its burial at Dunecht, and was not discovered luitil about fourteen montha later in the woods near by. Among his principal publications may be mentioned: Letters on Egypt, Ednm. and the Holy Land (1838) ; Sketches of the History of Christian Art (2d ed., 1885); Arfjo, or the Conquest of the Golden Fleece, an epic in ten books (1870). CRAWFORD NOTCH. A defile in the White Mountains, New Hauipshire, at an elevation of 1915 feet, between Jlount Webster and Mount Willey, each about 4000 feet high. The Saco River, entering through a narrow passage, tra- verses the Notch, which is remarkable for its impressive rock scenery. CRAW'FORDSVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Montgomery County, Ind., 40 miles northwest of Indianapolis; on the Terre Haute and Indianapolis, the Cleveland, Cincin- nati, Chicago and St. Louis, and other railroads ( Map : Indiana, C 2 ) . It is the seat of Wabash College, established in 1832, and contains a fine county court-house. The city has nianu- factiires of lumber, wagons, spokes and hubs, flour, foundiy products, barbed wire, etc. Settled in 1822, Crawfordsville was in- corporated in 1805, and is governed under a charter of that date, which provides for a mayor, elected everv four vears. and a citv council. Population, in 1890, 0089; in 1900, 0649. CRAW'FURD, John (1783-1808). A Scot- tish Orientalist, born in the island of Islay, Hebrides. He went as a physician to India, and served for five years in the army of the North- west Provinces. Transferred to Penang, Malay Peninsula, he acquired a knowledge of the Jlsilay language, which ])roveil valuable on tlie occasion of Lord Jlinto's cuiu|ucst of .lava (1811). From 1811 to 1817 he held various posts in .lava, from 1823 to 1S2G administered the govenunent of Singapore, and subseiiuentl.v was sent on a difficult ili|domatie mission to the Court of Ava. He published, in addition to an account of this mission (1829), a valuable (Irammar and Dic- tionary of the Malay Lnnguaijc (1852), and a Descripiire Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries (1850). CRAWL-A-BOTTOM. A local name in tlie Mississippi Valley for two small fishes: (1) The largest of the darters (Uudropterus nigrofascia- tns). See Darter. (2) The hog-sueker or stone-roller (q.v.). CRAWLEY. The family name of several characters in Thackeray's Vanity Fair. ( 1 ) Sir Pitt Crawley, the elder, of Queens Crawley, a rich, close-fisted old country squire, who proposed to Becky Sharp, but, as she was already married, contented himself with an in- trigue with his butler's daughter, Miss Horrocks. (2) Sir Pitt, the younger, his son; a cold- hearted prig, immersed in Parliamentary blue books. (3) Colonel Rawdox. brother of Sir Pitt (the younger), and husband of Becky Sharp. He was a gambler and a roue, but his belief in his wife to the luoment when her guilt seemed undeniable, and his love for his boy, cover the multitude of his sins. (4) Reverend Bute, brother of old Sir Pitt. A country clergyman of the old. ]iort-drinking, hard-riding school, whose wife wrote his sermons for him. (5) Miss Cr.wley, sister of Sir Pitt and Mr. Bute, for whose £70,000 all the family scheme. CRAW'SHAW, William Henry (1801—). An American educator and author, born at New- burgli, N. Y. He graduated in 1887 at Colgate University and in the same year was appointed professor of English literature at that university, of whose facultj' he became dean in 1897. He has published an edition of Dryden's Palamon and Arcite (Boston, 1898) ; and two excellently sug- gestive little works in criticism: The Interpreta- tion of Literature (1890), and Literary Inter- pretation of Life (1900). CRAYER, kri'er, Fr. pron. kra'ya', Caspar DE (1584-1069). A Flemish historical and por- trait painter, born in Antwerp. He lived for many years in P.russels, and in 1004 went to C4hent. for the churches of which he painted more than twenty altar-pieces. His works are to be found throughout Flanders and Brabant. Their main characteristics are vigor and bold- ness of design, and care and truthfulness in exe- cution. Among the most important of them are: "Glorification of Saint Catharine" (in Saint Michael's, Ghent) : "The Miraculous Draught of Fishes," "Adoration of the Shepherds" (Brussels Museum) : "Decapitation of Saint .John the Bap- tist" (Ghent Cathedral) : ".Judgment of Solo- mon," and "Martyrdom of Saint Blasius" (1608), his last work, both in the CJhent Museum. He was a contemporary of Rubens, and an admirable portrait painter in his own style, which dillers
