CUCUBBITACE^. 652 CUENCA. hesive. The stamens exhibit a number of pe- culiarities, in some eases having bilocuUir an- thers ; in others various modifications are shown, the anthers adliering in some and ecu becoming united into a column vvitli two ring-sliaped pol- len - chambers in the genus Cyelanthera. The fruit, called a pepo, is peculiar; is more or less succulent, has a fleshy rind, and the seed-bear- ing placcntic either surround a central cavity or send prolongations into it. The seeds are flat, and nuire or less imbedded in the pulp, which nmy be dry or jviicy. The cotyledons are large and leaf-like. This order contains nearly 90 genera, with about 050 species, many of which produce edible fruits and are cultivated in tem- perate regions. To this order belong the cucum- ber, melon, gourd, pumpkin, squash, vegetable marrow, etc. (qq.v. ). In some, important medi- cinal properties abound, as in bryony, colocj'nth, momordica, etc. (qq.v.). Telfairia pedata, a tropical African species, is cultivated for its seeds, which are used for food, and from which oil is expressed. The chief genera are Fevillea, Telfairia, Jlelothria, Luffa, B3'ronia, Cucumis, Lagenaria, Cucurbita, Echinoeystis, Sicyos, Se- chium, and Cyelanthera. CUCTJTA, koo'koo-ta. See San Josfi de CCCUTA. CUDBEAR. See Archil. CUDDALORE, kud'da-lor', or KUDALTJB, kud'a-IUor'. The chief town in the southern di- vision of Areot, Madras, British India, on the es- tuary of the Southern Pennar, 15 miles south of Pondieherry and 100 south of Madras by rail (Map: India,D6). The river, obstructed by a bar, admits only vessels of moderate size; but there is good anchorage a mile and a half oil' shore. There are a number of sugar-refineries, oil- presses, and paper-mills, and an extensive ex- port trade in cotton and grain. Cuddalore was the scene of exciting struggles between the French and the English from 1758 to 1795, when it was finallv acouired bv the latter. Popu- lation, in 1891, 47,*400; in'lOOl, 51,900. CTJDDAPAH, kud'da-pa'. See ICadapa. CTJD'DY. In Spenser's Shepherd's Calen- dar, the shepherd to whom Colin Clout directs his arguments. CUBILLERO, koo'De-lya'ro. A maritime town in the Province of Oviedo, Spain, 20 miles northwest of the city of Oviedo. The harbor, protected by a Jetty, has a lighthouse which marks its eastern point. It admits, however, only small craft. The port is engaged largely in fishing, and there are fish-curing establishments and uianufactures of linen and chocolate ; stock- raising and agriculture also are carried on, and in the vicinity are mines of manganese. Popu- lation, in 1900 (commune), 10,100. QTJDRAKA, sho<T'dra-ka. The reputed author of the Sanskrit drama ;Uricc/iafcafiA:a (q.v. ). See SOdbaka. CTJD'WORTH, Ralph (1617-88). An Eng- lish theologian and philosopher. He was born at Aller, in Somersetshire, and admitted pen- sioner of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1032, where he took his degree of M.A. and became an eminent tutor. In 1045 he was appointed master of Clare Hall and regius professor of Hebrew; in 1654 he was chosen master of Christ's College; in 1662 appointed to the rec- tory of Ashwell; and in 1G78 installed pre- bendary of filoucester. He died at Christ's Col- lege. Cudworth's chief work, entitled The True Intellectual System of the Universe (1078), advocates a Platonizinjr doctrine of philosophy, especially emphasizing the necessity of a teleo- logical view, against the contention of the mech- anists of the day, and defending the doctrine of innate ideas. From such views the remarkable group of which he was a leader obtained the name of the Cambridge Platonists (q.v.). A Trratisc C'oneerning Eternal and Immutahle Morality, which was first published by Dr. Chandler, Bishop of Durham, in 1731, champions the innate character of our moral ideas, which are held to cognize the objective reality of good and evil with the same immediateness and cer- tainty which attends our geometi'icai knowdedge. Consult: Jlartineau, Types of Ethieal Theory, vol. ii. (Oxford, 1898) ; Lowrey, The Philosophy of Ralph Cudworth (New York, 1885); and Birch, Life, in the edition of Cudworth's works (Oxford and London, 1829). C TJ E N C A , kwan'ka. The capital of the Province of Azuay, Ecuador, situated on the Rio Matadero. 8040 feet above the level of the sea, 85 miles south-southwest of Quito (Map: Ecua- dor, B 4 ) . It has straight streets, and contains, among the chief buildings, the cathedral, the high school (formerly a Jesuit college), the prison, and the Government building. It is the centre of a fertile grain, cotton, sugar, and cochineal producing region, and rich metal deposits are worked in the neighborhood. The most important manufactures are pottery, hats, and woolens, and a considerable trade in pre- served fruits, cheese, and grain is carried on. Population, about 25,000. Cuenca was founded in 1557, on the site of the old native village Tumi- bamba, and in 1786 w-as created an episcopal see. There are numerous interesting Aztec remains in the vicinity. The mountain of Tar- qui on the south was chosen in 1742 for deter- mining the meridian line of La Condamine, Bougiier, and Godin. At the base of the moun- tain occurred the battle of Tarqui in 1828 between the Colombian and Peruvian forces. CUENCA. A city of Spain, the capital of the province of the same name and the seat of a bishopric, about midway between Valencia and Madrid (Map: Spain, D 2). It is picturesquely situated, at an elevation of aliout 3000 feet, on the river Jucar, at the con- fluence of the Huescar, and is poorly built, with narrow, crooked streets. The walls are in ruins, and the city, once celebrated for industry and art, but faintly suggests its former prosperity'. A fine bridge spans the .Ji'icar, and there are a college and several notable churches, the most pretentious of which is the Gothic Cathedral, with the Chapel of the Albornoces. The city has some manufacturing interests, and a trade in lumber and wine. Population, in 1901, 10,505. Cuenca first appears in the history of the ninth centtiry. under Saracen power. In 1177, after a long siege, it fell into Christian hands, though earlier in the century it had been cap- tured, but retaken. It was granted the dignity of a municipality in 1257. The city was taken by the English in 1700 after bombardment, and in 1808 and 1810 was sacked and burned by the French — disasters which contributed materially
