DALBYMPLE. 7. eldes* son of the lirst Mscount., and was famil- iariy known as the Master of Stair. He held office under James II. and William III. While Secretary of State for Scotland he incurred great odium as the instigator of the 'massacre of Glen- coe.' In 1703 he was created Earl of Stair. DALBYMPLE, Sir John, of Cranstoun (1720-1810). The grandson of Sir James Dal- rymple, and author of ilemoirs of Oreiit Britain and Ireland from tlic Dissolution of the Last Parliament of Charles II. until the Sea Battle Off La Hague (3 vols., 1771), which created a sensation at its appearance, owing to the revela- tions it contained, culled from authoritative State papers. DALBYMPLE, Sir John, second Earl of Stair (1673-1747). A Scottish general and diplo- mat. The second^ son of the first Earl and grandson of Viscount Stair, he was born in Edin- burgh, July 20, 1073. When eight years old, he killed his elder brother by the accidental dis- charge of a pistol. Alienated from parental affection by this unhappy circumstance, he was placed under the care of a clergj'man, who, by prudence and kiniluess, developed the excellent qualities of the youth. He proceeded to Leydeii University, where he won a reputation for schol- arship, and, after completing his curriculum at Edinburgh, in 1701, accepted a commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Scottish Regiment of Foot-guards, and gained high distinction in JIarlborougli's campaigns. In 1711 he retired from the army, and when George I. succeeded to the throne, Dalrymple, who had become Earl of Stair by the death of his father in 1707, was made Lord of the Bed Chamber, Privy Councilor, and Comiuander-in-Cliief of the Forces of Scot- land. The following j'ear he went as ambassador to France, and exhibited the highest abilitj- in counteracting the schemes for the reinstatement of the Pretender. But, as he refused to flatter his countryman. Law, then high in favor with the regent Orleans, he was recalled. For twenty- two years he lived in retirement at Newliston, near Edinburgh, and devoted himself chiefly to scientific agriculture, in Avhich he originated dis- tinct advancements, lie was the first to plant turnips and cabbages in the open fields. In 1742 he was sent as ambassador to Holland, and in the following year served under George II. at the battle of Dettingen. Later he was made Commander-in-Chief of the forces of Great Brit- ain. He died in Edinburgh,' May 9, 1747. His Countess, a beaiitiful and cultured woman, who survived him twelve years, is the heroine of Scott's novel J/y Aunt Margery's Mirror. Con- sult Graharn, Snnals and Correspondence of the Viscount and First and Second Earls of Stair (Edinlnivph, 187.5). DALSGAAED, dals'g-ird, Christen (1824—). A Danish genre ]5ainter, born at Knabbesholm. near Skive, Jutland. He studied at the Royal Academy and luider Rijrbye, was made pro- fessor of drawing at the Academy of Soriie in 1862. and became a member of the Copenhagen Academy in 1872. His impressive delineations ■of Danish peasant life, showing a keen sense of observation and imbued with deep feeling, have justly caused him to he esteemed one of the typical masters of Denmark. Especially note- worthy among them are: "Christmas Morning on a Farm" (1848), in the Museum at Aarhus; Vol. v.— 18. 7 DALTON. ■Jutland Peasauls Going to Communion" (1859); "Seizure for Debt" (1860); "Fisher- man and Daughter" (18.')4) ; "Mormons Visiting a Joiner's Home" (18.')0); "Going to Church After Confinement" (1801), the last three in the Gallery at (■uj)enhagen. DALTON, diil'lon. A city and county-seat of hitHeld County, Ga., 100 "miles north by west of Atlanta, on the vSouthem, the Western and Atlantic, and other railroads (Map: Georgia, B I). It is in a regiwn |)ossessing extensive deposits of iron, limestone, and manganese; exports cotton, grain, and fruits, and has agri- cultural-implement works, foundries, and ma- ehine-shops, cotton-mills, lumber-mills, etc. Set- tled and incorporated in 1848, Dalton is gov- erned, under a charter of 1874, by a mayor chosen every two years, and a city council elected on a general ticket. During the latter part of 1803 and the spring of 1804, Dalton was the headquarters of the Confederate General .loseph E. Johnston, who commanded the army for the defense of Atlanta. Several minor battles were fought in this vicinity. Poimlation, in 1890 3040; in 1900, 4315. DALTON, Hkrmann (1833—). A German Protestant theologian. He was born at Offen- baeh-on-the-Main, August 20, 1833; studied at Marburg, Berlin, and Heidelberg; was pastor of the German Reformed congregation in Saint Pe- tersburg (1858-88), and has since lived in Berlin, lie is the author of (Jeschichte der reformirten Kirche in Russhnid (1865); Johannes a Lasco (I88I; Eng. tr. 1886); Verfassungsgeschichte der evangelisch'lutherischen Kirche in Russland (1887) ; Urkundenbuch der evangelisch-rcformir- ten Kirche in Russland (1888) ; Zur Geunssens- freiheit in Russland ( 1890) ; Die russische Kirche (1891); Zur Geschichte der ecangelischen Kirche in Russland (1893-98): and several sketches of travel around the world. DALTON, John (1706-1844). A celebrated English chemist and natural philosopher, born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, in Cumber- land. He received his early education in the school of his native place, and, after 1781, in a boarding-school kept by a relative in Kendal. Here his love of mathematical and physical studies was first developed. He wrote several mathematical essays, and in 1788 commenced a journal of meteorological obsen-ations, which he continued throughout his whole life. In 1793 he was appointed teacher of mathematics and the physical sciences in the new college at Man- chester, where he ehielly resided during the re- mainder of his life, though frequently employed, ^ftcr 1804. in giving lectures on ihemistry in several large towns. In the years 1808 to 1810 he published his Xew System of Chemical Philos- ophy (2 parts, London), to which he added a third part in 1827. In 1817 he was appointed president of the Literary and Philosophical So- ciety at ilanehester. He was also a member of the Royal Society, and of the Paris Academy, and in 1833 received a pension of £150, after- wards raised to £300. In the same year Dalton's friends and fellow-townsmen collected £2000, to raise a statue to Iiis honor, which was executed by Chantrey, and placed at the entrance of the Royal Institution in JIanchester. Dalton was also honored by the University of Oxford with the degree of D.C.L., and with that of LL.D. by
