DANISH LANGUAGE. 778 DANNECKER. seemed bank nipt, but the Danes were slow in attuning themselves to the modern spirit of real- ism. That they have done so at all, tlirough polit- ical distractions, national himiiliation and dis- memberment, is largely the work of Brandes, supplemented by the cxamjile of Bjijrnson and Ib- sen. Of the new school the most distinguished are Drachmann (q.v.), Riehardt (q.v.), and Chris- tiansen (q.v. ). One ma_y record also the names of Bergsoe (1835 — , q.v.), Jacobsen (1847-85), Skram (1847—), Kdward Brandes (1847—), Bang (1857—), Gjellerup (1857—), and Es- mann (1860 — ), but there seems little promise of greatness in any field of literature in the Den- mark of this generation. BiBLiOGR.iPiiY. Horn, Den daiiske Literaturs Historic (Copenhagen, 1879); translation by Anderson, Historij of the Literature of the Scan- dinavian North (Chicago, 1884) ; Hansen, Nord- iske Digtere i vort Aarhundrede (Copenhagen, 1879) : id., lUustreret dansk Literatnrhistorie (ib., 1900) ; Ronning, Den dan^ke Literaturs- historie i Grundrids (ib., 1890) : id.. Rational- ismens Tidsalder (ib., 1886-90) ; Rosenberg, Xordboerncs Aandslii' fra Oldliden til vore Dage (ib., 1878-85), incomplete, but highly important; Arentzen, Baggesen og Oehlensehlager (ib., 1870- 78) ; id., Doiiske Digtere i det lOde Aarhun- drede (ib., 1864) ; Vedel, Studier over Guklalde- ren i dnnsk Digtning (ib., 1890) ; Paludnn, Re- naissance hevaegelsen i Danmai-ks Litcratitr isaer i det 18<>^ Aarhundrede (ib., 1887) ; Schiick, "Schwedisch-danische Litteratur," in Paul, Grtindriss der germanischcn Philologie (Strassburg, 1896 et seq. ) ; Strodtmann. Das geistigc Lehen in Diineinark (Berlin, 1873) ; Schweitzer, Geschichte der skandinavischen Lit- teratur (Leipzig, 1886-87) : Hansson, Das junge Skan^Iinavien (Dresden, 1891); Schwanenfliigel, "Danish Literature," in Weitemeyer, Denmark (London, 1890) ; Gosse, Sfndies in the Litera- ture of Northern Europe (London, 1879). For the drama consult; Brandes, Dansk Skuexpil- kvnst (Copenhagen,' 1880); Birket Smith, Studier paa det gamle danske Skuespils Omraade (ib„ 1883) ; and Hansen, Den danske Skueplads (ib., 1889 et seq.). DANISH POLITICAL PARTIES. See Po- LITICAL P.RTIES, paragraph on Denmark. DANISH WEST INDIES. See We.st In- niES, DANI.3H, DAN'ITES, or Destkoting Angels. In American history, a name given to members of a secret society, connected either officially or un- officially with the Mormon Church, which was organized about 1837 for the purpose, as alleged, of 'dealing as avengers of blood with Gentiles.' Many crimes and atrocities have been attributed to the organization, but little definite informa- tion has ever been olitained concerning it, and the Mormons themselves either disavow any con- nection with it, or flatly deny its existence. Other names by which the society was known are: Daughters of Zion, Big Fan, Daughters of Gideon, and Flying Angels, though these were used much less frequently than the term 'Dan- ites,' or 'Sons of Dan,' which is said to have owed its origin to Gen. ,xlix. 17 ("Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse's heels, so that his rider shall fall backward"). During the political campaign of 1858 in Illinois, which has become famous be- cause of the contest between Lincoln and Douglas for the L'nited States Seuatorship, the term "Dan- ites' was applied as a nickname to the anti- Douglas Democrats, whose greatest vote (5079) was cast in that year for the candidate for State Treasurer. The faction was charged with servile acquiescence in the policies of President Bu- chanan, who was then vuuler fire for his attitude toward the 'rebellion' in Utah. DAN'NAT, William T. (1853—). An Ameri- can painter, born in New York City. He studied in Munich and under Munkacsy in Paris, where he afterwards took up his residence and became a teacher at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. But he owes more to Jlanet and Degas than to his own master. One of his first pictures, "The Quar- tette" (1884), now in the Metropolitan Museum, New York City, is a fine example of his earlier work. It shows the technical ability, the daring style, the solid, broad painting, and absence of conventionality characteristic of all his work. Among the many Spanish subjects done at this time are a "Sacristy in Arragon" (1888), in the Chicago Art Museum, and "A Cafe Chantant" (Munich, 1892), which was the sensation of the Exhibition. For sheer bravura, this startling, masterly study of artificial light has been equaled by no other American artist, and by few foreigners. His "Lady in Red," a one-color scheme, is in the Luxembourg. The difficulties presented by such a subject as this one are man- aged with consummate ease. Something in the same manner is his "Lady in White." Among the portraits that have made him at once criti- cised and praised is that of "JNIadame E." (Salon of 1895), the three-quarter length of a woman, almost colorless except for the vivid red of her lips. He joined the Society of American Artists in 1881, and became a member of the Soeietg Na- tionale des Beaux- Arts. He was one of the In- ternational Art Jury in 1889, and the same year received the cross of the Legion of Honor. Con- sult: Muther, Painting in the Nineteenth Cen- tury (New York, 1890) ; Hartmann, History of American Art (Boston, 1902). DANNECKER, diin'nek-er, .Johanx Hein- RK'H VON (1758-1841). A German .sculptor, born near Stuttgart, October 15, 1758. His father, a groom of the Duke of Wiirtteniberg, was much opposed to his studying art. but through the favor of the Duke the lad was educated in the Karlsschule at Ludwigsburg, where he formed his life-long friendship with Schiller. He after- ^^ards studied sculpture under Le Jeune, and in 1780 he obtained the prize for the best model of "Jlilo of Croton Destroyed by the Lions." In 1783 he studied in Paris under Pajou, and soon afterwards went to Rome, where he remained until 1790. At Rome he met Cioethe, Herder, and Canova. The latter befriended him, and gave him instruction in sculpture. Here he executed his first marble statues, of "Ceres" and "Bac- chus." On his return to Germany he was ap- pointed professor of sculpture in the Academy of Stuttgart, and remained in that city until his death, on the 8th of December, 1841. Dannecker was undoubtedly one of the greatest of modern sculptors. His art is midway between that of Canova and Thorwaldsen, and his forte lies in expressing individual characteristics. This gives great value to his busts, among the best of which are those of Schiller at Weimar, of La-
