DATE-SHELL. 802 D'AUBIGNE. the ancient Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli (an- cient Putcoli), a few miles west of Naples, Italy. These columns are of African marble, and several centuries ago were carried by the sinking of the ground below the level of the sea, which over- flowed the site of the ruins and submerged the pillars to the height of 13 feet, exposing them to attack by these mollusks, which burrowed into them in large numbers. Subsequently they were slowly elevated (probably about the end of the llftocnth century) and have since been above the water. The method of boring rocks is not thoroughly understood, but is thought to be mainly by abrasive movements of the foot. (2) In California, an edible bivalve mollusk (Zirphwa crispata) related to the piddock (q.v. ) . DATI, dii'te, Caem Roberto (1.619-75). An Itali.in philologist and writer, born in Florence. His many curious and interesting books include: Discorso dell' obblifio di lien parlare la propria lingua (1057); Lettera a Filnlete (1663); Vite de' pittori antichi, dedicated to Louis XIV. (1G60) ; and Due norelle (1863). DATIA, diit'j-a. The capital of the princi- pality of the same name in Central India (ilap: India, C 3). It stands on a rocky height sur- rounded by a stone wall. The chief of the Datia State dwells here. West of the town rises a palace of immense size and remarkable beauty; and there are interesting .Tain temples, four miles distant. Population, in 1891, 27,566: in 1901, 24,071. DA'TIS (Lat., from Gk. Aorts, from Pers. DutrCli, good according to the law, from dat, OPers. data, law + reh. Av. vohu, good). A Persian general of the fifth century B.C. In con- junction with Arta])hcrnes, he commanded the army of Darius which was defeated at Jlarathon by Jliltiadcs (B.C. 490). Afterwards he was put to deatli by the Spartans. DATIVE. See Declexsiox. DAT'OLITE, or DATH'OLITE (Gk. Sore?. trSat, dateisthai, to divide + XWos, lithos. stone; referring to its granular structure). A boron and calcium orthosilicate that crystallizes in the monoclinic system. It is usually found in the form of glassy, greenish crystals, but sometimes has a yellow or reddish tinge. Datolite usu- ally occurs in veins and cavities in basic eruptive rocks, often with calcite. prehnite, and the zeo- lites. It is found in Scotland. Norway, Sweden. and various places on the Continent. In the United States it occurs at Bergen Hill and Paterson, N. .J.; in Connecticut and jMassachu- setts, and in the Lake Superior region. The crystals take a high polish aiid have been cut as opaque gems or ornamental stones. DATtT'RA. See Stkamonium. DATU'RINE. See Atropine. DAUB, doup. Karl (17C5-1836). A German speculative theologian. He was born at Cassel and educated at ilarburg. where he was tutor for a time; became professor of philosophy at Hanau in 1794. and soon afterwards of theologv at Heidelberg, where he remained until his death. His writings, based on the philosophies, succes- sively, of Kant. Fiehte. Sehelling. and Hegel, were once important for their argumentative method. but are no longer much read. The principal ones are: Lehrhiich dcr Katerlirtik (1801) ; Theoloqu- mcna (1806); EinlcilunQ in das Studium der Dogmatik (1810) ; and Die dogmatische Theolo- yie jrt~iger Zcit oder die Selbstsucht in der Wis- scnschaft drs OUiuhens (1833). DATJBAN, do'bax', Jules Joseph ( 1822— ) . A Freneli painter. He was born in Paris, and studied there under Auguste Debay. He became director of the School of Fine Arts at Anger.s in 1849, and was made a member of the Legion of Honor in 1868. Among his works are "Trap- pists Receiving a Stranger" (1864), in the Lux- embourg; "Trappists Exchanging the Kiss of Peace" (1865), in the Angers Museum; and "Fra Angelico da Fiesole" (1873). He produced sev- eral decorative paintings in the theatre and hospital at Angers, and in the Church of Saint Louis-en-l'Isle, Paris. Despite a certain cold- ness of color, his compositions are dignified and impressive. DAUBENTON, du'ban'tSx', Loms Jean !Makie (1716-99). A French naturalist, born at Montbar, Jlay 29, 1716. In 1742 he became associated in Paris with Butfon in the prepara- tion of the latter's great Histoire natiirelte, for which he furnished the anatomical descriptions relating to mammals. In 1745 Daubenton be- came curator and demonstrator of the cabinet of natural histoiy of the Academic des Sciences, and in 1778 professor in the College de France. He wrote voluminously, and has been especially influential in the science of herpetology. He died in Paris, December 31, 1799. DAUBER, djib'er, or JIud-Dauber. See MuD- asi-. D'AUBIGNE, dii'be'nya'. See ]Ieble D'Au- BIGNE. D'AUBIGNE. TiiiSoDORE Agrippa ( 1550- 1630). A Protestiint historian, poet, and soldier, born near Pons in Saintonge, France, February 8, 1550. He was educated at Geneva. Latin, Greek, and Hebrew were familiar to him from his earliest youth, and at seven years of age he is said to have made a translation of Plato's Crito. His father had inspired him with an enthusiasm for the Huguenot cause, and he was present at the siege of Orleans in 1563, when the elder d'Aubigne was slain. The son plaved a promi- nent ])art in the religious wars preceding the accession of Henry of Navarre. Though opposed to that prince's conversion, he consented to serve him, and was made vice-admiral of Guienne and Brittany. D'Aubigne was famous for his rough wit and frank speech, and he did not hesitate to use the most outspoken sarcasm against the King and other members of the royal famil.v. The as- sassination of Henry IV., in 1610, caused D'Au- bigne to retire to his estates, and later he took up his residence at Geneva. There he employed him- self in literary work and in furthering the cause of Protestantism. in evei^^ way possible. His last years were embittcTcd by the conduct of his son Constant, who betrayed the trust reposed in him by the Huguenots. This son was the father of the Duchesse de Noailles and of !Madame de Maintcnon. D'Aubigne died April 29, 1630, leaving as his literary legacy a number of works, of which the following deserve mention: Histoire 7iiiirersc1le ]5r>0-lG(ll : Confession calholique dxi Hieur de f^ancy ; and Aventvres du baron de Faneste: histoire secrete ecrite par liii-meme. These, with others of less importance, will be found in (Eiiires completes de Tli. d'Aubignf, edited by IIM. Reaume and de Caussade, which
