DATIMIEB. 806 DAUTZENBERG. He became blind in 1877, and died in 1879 at Valmondois (Seine-et-Oise) in a house given liira by Corot, the landscape painter. Consult: Mu- ther, The History of Modern Painting (London, 1896) ; Alexandre, j-loiiore Uaumier, I'homme et son wuvre (Paris, 1890). DATJIT, doun, Leopold Joseph JIakia, Count von (1705-00). An Austrian field-niarslial and coniniander-in-chief of the Austrian forces dur- ing the Seven Years' Yar. He was born Septem- ber 24. 1705, in Vienna, and entered early upon his military career as an officer in the regiment of his father. In the Turkish campaigns of 1737-39, and in the 'ar of the Austrian Succession, he found opportunities for distinction and rose rap- idly in rank, being made a field-marshal and privy councilor after the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. He was the first director of the military academy at Wiener-Neustadt, and introduced many reforms in the organization of the Austrian Army. In 1757 he succeeded to the cliief command. He took the field against Frederick the Great in Bohemia., and, after a hard-fought battle at Kolin, forced the King to retire from that coun- try. He and Prince Charles of Lorraine were thor- oughly beaten by the King of Prussia at Leuthen on December 5 of the same year. On October 14, 1758, he gained another victory over Frederick at Hochkirch. and, but for the late arrival of the Prince of Baden-Durlach with reinforcements, he would probably have annihilated the Prussian army. Again, on Xovember 25, 1759, at JIaxen, he compelled the Prussian General Fink to surren- der, with 11.000 men. He won no other important victories, and was defeated by Frederick at Tor- gau (1760), Avhere he was wounded for the third time upon the field of battle. He was brave and a skillful strategist, but too deliberate in his movements and no match for his alert an- tagonist. He won victories without following them up, while Frederick, though losing battles, nearly always derived signal advantages from his cam- paigns. The Peace of Hidjertsburg in 1703 closed Daim's active military career. He died in Vienna, February 5, 1700. Consult Lehen und Thaten dcs Graf en. Leopold von Daun (Frank- fort and Leipzig, 1759-60). See Seven Years' ^VAR. DAUNOU, du'nnn', Pierre Claude Francois (1761-1840). A French publicist and statesman. He was born at Boulogne-sur-iler, and entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1777. In 1792 he became a member of the Xational Con- vention for Pas-de-Calais, where he had pre- viously held the position of grand vicar under the bishop of the department. He opposed the execution of Louis XVI.. but voted for his de- portation until a settlement might be effected; and he also refused to give his support to the law proscribing the Girondists. For these views he was imprisoned, and escaped death only by the downfall of Robespierre. Throughout this criti- cal period he was distinguished for his moderate policy. He belonged to the Council of the Five Hundred and was the first president of that body. In ISOI he became librarian at the Panthc'on. and secured for that library the valuable collection of Pius VI.. and in 1807 he was appointed the archi- vist of the Empire. He was editor of the Journal des Savants from 1816 until shortly before his death. His works include: Uistoire litt^rairc de to France, upon which he was employed for twenty years, and Essai liistorir/tie sur Ja puiS' saiiec leiiiporcUc des p<ipes (1810). DAUPHIN, da'fin; /V. pron. do'faN' (OF. dauphin, doffln, Vr. daupliin. Port, dalfiii, from Lat. delphiniis, dolphin, on account of the three dolphins on their family crest). Formerly the title of the eldest sou of the French King. It was originally the appellation of the lords of the prov- ince of D.auphine. The last of these, Humbert II.. dj'ing childless (1349), bequeathed his possessions to Charles of Valois, grandson of Philippe VI. of France, on condition that the heir apparent to the throne of France should bear the title of Dauphin of Vienne, and govern the province. Louis XL conferred on the Dauphin almost sov- ereign rights; but after his time these were gradually abridged, until Dauphine was placed under the same laws as the rest of the kingdom, and the title became merely honorarj-. After the revolution of 1830, it was abolished altogether. Consult Tricaud, Bistoire des dauphins frangais (Paris, 1713). DAUPHINE, do'fe'na'. Formerly a frontier province in the southeast of France, comprising the present departments of Drome. Is&re, and Hautes-Alpes. After the fall of the Roman Em- I)ire Dauphine formed the sovithernmost part of the Kingdom of Burgundy. It then passed under the dominion of the Franks, and after the dismemberment of the Carolingian mon- archy it became a portion of the new Burgun- dian Kingdom of Aries. It then passed into the possession of the German Emperor in 1032. and remained united with Germany till the middle of the fourteenth century, when it was presented to France by the last of the lords of Dauphine. Governed for a century as a separate State, by the heir to the French throne, it was finally incorporated with France. During the Ciil Wars Dauphine was the stronghold of Protes- tantism and the scene of many bloody conflicts, in which the Huguenots gained the upper hand. The old rulers of the land bore the title of Dau- phin (q.v.), and the name was afterwards trans- ferred to the district. Consult Charier, Histoire ffcni'rii!e du Dauphine (Valence, 1883). DAUPHINE, do'fJn'.Sir Eugene. The none too scrupulous hero of Ben Jonson's Epicocne, who marries his uncle to a man disguised as a woman, and thereby secures the inheritance. DAURAT, do'ra', or DORAT, .Tean, Latin name Auratus (c. 1500-88). A French poet, born and educated at Limoges. He was ap- pointed preceptor of the pages at the Court of Francis I., who took a deep interest in him ; be- came director of the College at Coqueret. and in 1560 was appointed professor of Greek in the Roy.al College in Paris. He was called the "modern Pindar,' and ranked among the 'Plei- ades,' or seven great poets of the age. He also held the position of 'poet royal' to Charles IX. His numerous odes and epigrams do not, however, justify the high estimation in which he was held in the sixteenth century. They are written in Latin and in 1586 were published under the title, Poematica, hoc est Poematum Epigram matiim, Anagra intnatum. DAUTZENBERG, dou'tscn-berK, .Tohann Michael (1808-00). A Flemish poet, born .nt Heerlen, Netherlands. He is known chiefly through his Volksleesboek (with Duyse, 1854), his valuable writings on prosody, and his intro-
