DEIBA. 78 DEJEAN. Dcira bocnnic separate kingdoms about 033, but were reunited in 051. Later Deira was n sejja- rate kinjidoni under the Danes. It was a num- ber of native prisoners of Deira, e.posed for sale in the slave market at Rome, that attracted the attention of (Ireyory I. and led to the Chris- tianizinu' "f Britain, aeiordin;.' to the old lejrend. DEIB-EL-BAHRI, dar tl-ba'r* (northern convent ) . The modern Arable name of a famous Epj-ptian temple near the site of the aneient Thelies (q.v. ). It was built by Queen llatshe- psut (Uatasu). the sister and wife of Thoth- nies II.. hut was never completed. In Chris- tian times it became a monastery, whence its modern name; and the reliefs adorning the walls were badly mutilated by zealous monks, who regarded them as renmants of heathenism. The temple was dedicated to the god Anion of Thebes, and also contained chapels for the deities Athor and Anubis, as well a.s a funerary chapel for Queen Hatshc- psut. It is built upon three terraces risinj; in successive stejis from the plain, each containing a court with columned porticoes and otlicr build- ings. The principal buildings surround the upper court, at the rear of which is the sanc- tuary. The walls of the various halls and chap- els are magnificently decorated with sculptures and paintings. In one of the halls is depicted the fl»el sent by Queen Hatshepsut to Punt, on the Somali coast. (See Egytt. Histon/.) The site was examined by Mariette, and later Xa- villp. acting under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration Fund, cleared the whole temple of rubbish and explored it systematically. In 1881 no fewer than thirty-nine mummies and coffins of kings and members of the royal house were found in a deep, rocky pit near Deirel-Hahri and removed to the Bulak Museum. Among the mummies found were those of Seqenen-RO, Ania- sis I., Amenopliis I., Thothmes II., Thothmes HI., Seti I.. Rameses I., and Rameses II. Consult: ^Mariette, Ditr-cUBahri (Leipzig, 1877) ; Diimi- chen, Flotte cincr iitjiiptischcn Konigin (Leipzig. 1808) ; Etiypt Kxptoration Fund Memoir.t, vols. xii.-xiv.. xvi. (London. 1894 ct seq.) ; Guide to the T'-mple of Peir-cl-Iinhri, published by the Egyptian Exploration Fund (London). DEIR-EL-KAMAR, el kii'mer, or Der-ei.- K.>i.R ( .r., iiiniiastery of the moonK A town of ,'^yria and once the scat of Emir Reshir, the chief sheik of the Druses (Map: Palestine. B 1). It is picturesquely situated in a glen of Mount Lebanon, at an altitude of over 2800 feet, about 13 miles from Beirut. The cliief in- dustry is the production of silk stuffs and em- broideries. Population, about 8000. chiefly Ma- ronites. Dcir-el-Kamar has Ix-en the centre of many conllieta between the Muronitcs and the Druses. DEISK (Fr. f/f^isnie, from Lat. dous. god), or Theism (Fr. thrismr. from Gk. «f«s, ihcos, pod). A term which properly means belief in a god, or opposj'd to atheism. In common lan- guage, however, deism is ojiposed to iM-lief in a revelation, and a deist is one who holds the ex- istence and providence of Rod, but grounds his belief on reason and the evidenc'e afforded by the constitution of things, and rejects the testi- mony of a revelation. The name is often used vaguely by way of reproach, similarly to 'infidel.' The term deists, or freethinkers, is soinctimes used to designate a school or series of writers who appeared in Kugland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and who aimed at estab- lishing what they called natural religion, upon the basis of reason and free inquiry, and then bringing all positive or revetiled religion to the test of this. They are looked upon as the |>re- cursors of German rationalism in theology. The leading names in this school are: Lord Herbert of Cherbury (died 1048); John Toland, whose Chrislianity Xot ilysterious (London, lO'.iti) gave exact expression to the tendency of the deists; the third F.arl of Shaftesbury; Anthony Collins (died 17-2fl). the friend of Locke: Thomas Woolston; Matthew Tindal, the author of fhris- tianity as Old as ike Creation, or the Gospel a Rcptibliealion of the Keliflion of Xaliirc (Lon- don, 1730); Viscount Bolingbroke. Consult: A. S. Farrar, History of J'rec Thought (London, 1SG3) : Leslie Stephen, History of Fnylish Thought in the Eighteenth Century (London, ISSll'. DEJAZET, da'zhiVzA', P.vlli.ne Vikcixie (1797-187,5). A celebrated French actress. She was born in Paris, August 30, 1797 (some ac- counts say 1798). From the time she was five years old, when she began playing children's parts with marvelous precocity of intelligence
- ind grace, till she was over .seventy, her career
upon the stage was an almost uninterrupteil suc- cess. After experience in several Parisian the- atres, sho went to Lyons and Bordeaux, where she won great popularity in soubrette nMes. Re- turning to Paris (1S20), she played successively at the Gyninase, the Xouveauti-s, and the Palais Royal, where she made some of her greatest hits in young men's parts. These, called roles traveslis, were so distinctive that they, together with her quick-witted soubrette roles, came to be known as a class by them- selves, Dejazcts. Famous especially were her im- personations in La petite sccur; Le plus beau jour (/<■ la vie; Le fils de I'honime; Sophie Arnould; Fr<!tillon; and numerous others. After 1845 she played for a time at the 'arii'tes, and made successful tours abroad. In 1859, with her son Eug&ne, she undertook the management of the Folies-Nouvelles, then known as the Thf'Atre IX'jazet. Here she brought out several of Sardou's earlier pieces, among them Mon- sieur (larat and Lcs pris ffaint-Ocrrais. She retired from the stage in 1808, but appeared again even within a year of her death, which occurred December 1, 1875. Countless stories .ire told of her brilliant wit and personal charm. Consul!: Duval. Virgiuie Dfjn-tt. 17971875 (Paris. 1870) ; Lo-omtc. Virgiuie Pi'jazrt : flude hiographiqve (Paris, 1800) ; and Mirecourt, "DO- jazet," in Les contcmporains (Paris, 1854). DEJEAN, de-zhax', ,Te.
Fr.x<,ois AiMfi,
Count (1749-1824). A Fivnch general and statesman, bom at Castelnaiidary. He fought with distinction in the wars of the Revolution, rising successively to the rank of brigadier- general and general of division. He was Min- ister of War from 1802 to 1807, and. after the first Restoration, was appointed governor of the Polyteehnie School. T'pon the return of Napo- leon from Elba, he rendered valuable services until after the battle of Waterloo. He was also
