DEMETRIUS. Iim! DEMETZ. drad. but luul ii|>|n'inril in Pnlaiiil. The fact was that a persuii calling liiiiisvlf Deiiu-trius. but who, it is said, was in reality a monk named liregory Otrepiell", belonfiin-; to the I'onveiit of Tehudov. had sueeeeded in persuading Prince 'i*iiiewski in Lithuania, and afterwards Mniszek, Palatine of Sandoniir. that he was the true >on of Ivan. The hitter introduced him to Sij;i>nmnd III., King of Poland, who .-aw in him a useful instrument for introducing Pidish inlluence into Hu-sia, and so aided him in his designs against Boris. Toward the close of lli04 Demetrius, supported by a number of Polish nobles, invaded Russia, defeated Boris, who died in Ajiril. ItiO."). and enti'red Moscow in .June, 1005. the people receiv- ing him with gieat enthusiasm, lie ruled for some months with vigor; b>it his manifest pre- dilection for the Poles soon excited the Russians against him, and the arrival of his bride, JIarina Mniszek, the daughter of the Palatine of Sando- mir. with a Polish retinue on May 12. IfiOli. brought the discontent to a head, ."si-xtcen days later an insurrection broke out in the capital, headed by Prince Vasili Shuiski. The pretender was slain, and a multitude of the Poles mas- sacred. Vasili Shuiski now ascended the throne: but in 1007 .-in individual appeared, alleging that he was Demetrius and thai another luid been mistaken for him in the Moscow massacre. lie found a considerable number of adherents, and -Marina acknowledged him to be her husband. The Poles helped him and for some time it seemed likely that he would succeed; but at length he was put to death at Kaluga, in ICIO. The third pretender gave himself out to be the son of the first. After a brief career he fell into the power of the Czar and was strangled. The fourth made the same pretensions, but. falling into the hands of the Cossacks, was carried to Jloscow, where he was executed in l(il3. Con- sult: Scipkin. "Wer war pseudo-Demetrius I.," Archiv fiir .S'/ariscAc Philologic, vol. v. (Berlin, 1808, 1900) ; Munro, The Rise of the Hussian Empire (London, UtOO) ; KostomarotT. l.cs faitx Dmitri (Saint Petersburg. 18(J4) ; Merinii%, Lcs fniix Dcmrlriiis (Paris. 18.^8), Knslish trans, by A. i;. Scol,!,.. DEMETRIUS I, (Gk. Ajj^tJtpios, D<'mi-lrios) , SoTER (c.lS7-l.')0 B.C.). King of Syria from n.c. 1(>2 to 1.50. He was the son of Seleueus IV. Philopator. and lived at Rome as a hostage dur- ing the reign of . tiochus Epiphane-. who hail usurped the throne. He escaped from confine- ment in B.C. lf).S. overthrew Antiochus, and. with the aid of the Romans, established himself firmly in power. He carried on war against the .Tews and the Cappadoeians. ami freed the Babylonians from the rule of the satrap Tunar<hu<. He fell in battle against the usurper Alexander Balas. DEMETRIUS I., called Pomorcktk.s fAv/ii)- T/Mot IloXiopitTjT^j. nrmrtrinn Poliorlcflvn. besieger of cities) (c.337-28.'i B.C.). A king of Macedonia. He was the son of Antigonus and SIratonice. At an early agi' he assisted his father in the wars with the generals of .Mexander. was defeated by Ptolemy at Oaza in B.C. 312. but soon after retrieved hi> fortune by gaining a victory over Cilles in Syria. In B.C. 307 he freed Athens from the rule of Cassander. and was received in the city with divine honors. Tie later defeated Ptolemy in a naval battle at r-prus, and in n,c. 30.") laid siege to Rhoile*. but was unabli' to take the city. Being afterwards (b.c. 301) de- feated at Ipsus by Seleueus an<l Lysimachus. his Greek sway ])assed from him. but in B.C. 2!ir) he recovered .Kgina, Salamis, and .thens. In ix. 204 he murdered Alexander, brother of Antipater, and seizeil the throne of .Macedonia, hut wa- afterwards expelled by Pyrrhus, and linally sur- rendered to Seleueus, whose prisoner he remained until the time of his death, in ix. 2H3. Deme- trius is famous for having comlucted his sieges on a grand >cale. with all the paraphernalia known to till' iiiililary science of that age. DEMETRIUS II. A king of Macedonia (c.230-22!! n.i'.). lie a> the son of . tigonus tionatas and grandson of Demetrius Polioreetes, and was engsiged in continual warfare with the neigliluuing peoples and the .cha>an and .Ktolian League^. DEMETRIUS II., Xic.vTou ( ?-c. 12.1 B.C.). A king of Syria. He was the son of Demetrius Soter. and lived many years in exile, but with the assistance of Ptolemy Philometer, whose daughter he married, he seeureii the throne in B.C. 14(1. His vices and cruelly engendered a formi- dable revolt in Syria, and about n.c. 13,S. in an expedition against the Parthians. he was <lefeated and taken prisoner. After ten years of cap- tivity he was restored to power (e.l28 B.C.). but was vanquished by a pretender to his throne in a battle near Damascus. He lied to Tyre and theri' piri~licil by assassination (c. 12.5 B.C.). DEMETRIUS III., Ki ceri s. King of Syria from B.C. 04 to 88. Ue was the grandson of Demetrius Nieator, and ruled jointly with his brother Pliili)), but was dethroned by him and died :v prisoner among the Parthians. DEMETRIUS FANrtflUS. A plagiarist in .Toii^oii'- 'I'tir I'lirliistrr. a laricature of Dekker, wlm ri'i>lii'i1 ill tlic Stilif'i-Miisli.r. DEMETRIUS TRICLI'NUS (Lat.. from Gk. Atj^tJtpio! Tpfk-Xo-os, Drmrtrios Triklinos). A Greek ^^fholiast of the fifteenth century. In addi- tion to his recension of the text of Sophocles, which served as the basis of several subsequent revisions, he composed scholia on the same poet. and on llesiod. Pindar, and .rislophanes. His works on the metns i ITfp! M^rpwc, f'rri Metrijii) and figiiiTs (ITfp! i:x'?M<iw>', Pcri SchcmatOn) of Sophocles are of slight value. DEMETRIUS ZE'NUS I l.at., from Gk. Sij^rjTpioi 'Arivo%, DriHrlrios Zi'fiosi. A writer of Zacynthiis, who livcil in the sixteenth century. His works include a translation of the Hnlni- eli(»)ui<imni Ilia (about l,')30) into modern (ircek in the arlxoi jtoXitikoi, Kliclioi polilikoi, or popu- lar verses, and a |)oem in the same measure on Alexander the Great (printed at Venice, 1820). The former work has been edited by Miillach (Berlin. 1837). and has been printed, with a Latin translation, by M. Crusius. in Ilgen's edition of the Homeric Hymns (Halle, 1790). DEMETZ. dc-mfts', FR(::nf;Ric Ahuste (170fi- 1873 I. . l"ii'neh prison reformer, horn in Paris. He sliidied law, anil was subsequently made a judge. In lS3(i he was sent by the Krencli Gov ernment to the I'nited States for the purpose of studying American penitentiaries. The result- of hi- investigations were published in 1830 under the title Ifnpportn i) Monniriir le rnmle rfe Mntifnlircl mir la> pcnilencicrs ties Flals-Unis. II
