DEKBY. 145 DERBY. of its kind in England. There is also a large general inlirnuuy. Derby is well situated for nianulaoture and trade, being conneeted by canals and railways with a great part of Eng- land. The Midland Kailway has established large works liere. whieh employ over 12,000 men. It lias maniifaetures of silk, cotton, laee, hosiery, porcelain, and elastic fabrics. The tirst silk-mill iu England was erected on an island in the Der- went in 1718 by John Eonibe. There is a resi- dent United States consular agent. Population, in 1891. 114,100: in 1!)01, 105.800. Derby is the birthplace of Herbert .Spencer, and Erasmus Darwin wrote many of his works and died here. Opposite Derby was the Koman station Do- ■vciitio, which stood on the east bank of the river. Roman brass, silver, and gold coins have been found, as well as a Konianpavement.andthe foundations of a Roman bridge. Derby was first incorporated in the reign of Henry I. It was the southernmost point reached by Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, in his attempted march to London in 1745. DERBY, dcr1>i. A city in New Haven County, Conn.. 10 miles west of New Haven: at the con- fluence of the Xaugatuck and Housatonic rivers, and on the Xew York, Xew Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Connecticut, C 4). An impor- tant industrial centre, its manufactures include pins, typewriting machines, pianos, organs, man- tels, heavy eastings, forgings, brass and bronze hardware, files, woolen underwear, corsets, cor- set-steels, hosieiy, combs, guns, and ammunition. There are many points of interest in the vicinity — Sentinel Hill. Indian Vell, Lake Housatonic, Housatonic and Xaugatuck rivers, and the Hou- satonic Dam. "25 feet high and a quarter of a mile in length. The government is administered by a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral city council. Town meetings are held for the election of selectmen, to issue bonds, and for action on matters over which power is not vested in the common council. Population, in 1900. "O-'SO. The town was settled about 1646. and was known as Paugassett until incorporated as Derby (from Derby. England) in 1675. It was tne birthplace of (5en. David Humphreys, promi- nent in the Revolution, T'ntil 18S9 Ansonia was included within its limits. The city of Derby was formed in 189.1 by the consolidation of the town of Derby and the borough of Bir- mingham, founded in 18.34. Consult: Orcutt and Beardslev. Tlw Hixlon/ of Ihr Old Town of Derby (Springfield, 1880)! and The Toirn Rec- ords of Derhii from ir,.3.->17IO (Derby, 1901). DERBY, derln. or diirln. Edward George Oeoffrkv Smith Stanley, fourteenth Earl of (1799-1860). An English statesman. He was born at Knowsley Park, in Lancashire, on March 29. 1799. v.as educated at Eton and at Christ Church. Oxford, and in 1820. immediately after leaving the university, he was made a member of Parliament. In 18.30 he became Irish Secretary in the Whig Ministry of Earl (irey. and by bis ability as a debater he rendered very material assistance in the passage of the Re- form Bill of 1832. .mong his Irish measures were the Education Act. establishing a national board, and admitting all children to the schools. but providin'j for Protestant religious instruc- tion: the Irish Church Temporalities Act. abolishing ten bishoprics, and removing the grievances of first fruits and church rates; and a coercion bill for the trial of Irish rioters by courts-martial. This Inst measure rendered him uni)opular with the advanced LiberaU. and he was transferred to the Colonial Secretaryship in 183;!. In that year he distinguished himself by seoiring the ])assage of the bill for the abolition of slavery in the West Indies. Becoming alarmed at the intention of the Whigs to ai)])ropriate the surplus of the Irish Churcli revenues to pur- poses of .secular education, he left the party in 1834. He soon united with the Tories, and in 1841 he became Colonial Secretary in I'cel's Jlin- istry. This position he held until 1845, when he resigned because he was opposed to the repeal of the com laws. He was the recognized head of the Protectionist opposition in the House of Lords, which he had entered as Baron Stanley in 1844, and soon became the leader of the Conservative Party. In 1851 he succeeded his father as Earl of Derby. In 18.52 the first Derby Ministry was formed. But it was of short duration, as were also bis seccmd term of olfice (1858-59) and his third (1866-68), and Disraeli (q.v.) was the leading spirit in all of them. In 1868 he resigned the Premiership to Disraeli, and in the following year he died. • Derby was a typical Lancashire magnate of the old school. Traditionally Whig, lie left that party because of his repugnance to the rising democracy. While not a statesman of the first rank, he was nevertheless possessed of great ability. His doctrine of free trade with the colonies ahme anticipates Conservative doctrine of our own day, and to him, as well as to Dis- raeli, is duo the transformation of the Tories into the modern Conservative Party. He was a debater of great ability, excelling especially in invective. His passages with O'Connell on the repeal of the Union and the disest.ablishment of the Irish Church are well known. He was a man of high scholarly attainments, who distingiiished himself at the university, and was afterwards famous for his Latin speeches. He was elected chancellor of Oxford in 1852. and devoted the leisure of his later years to a metrical transla- tion, or rather paraphrase, of the Iliad (pub- lished in 1864). For Derby's speeches, consult: Hansard. Par- liamentarij Debates (London, 1803, et seq.). For his Life, Kebbel, English i^latesmaii Since the Peace of ISlo: Derbi/ (London, 1869): and Saintsbury. in Reid, Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria (Xew Y'ork, 1892). Consult, also. Keb- bel. nistory of Toryism (London, 1860) ; and Hamilton, in the Dictionary of Sational Biog- rai.hy. vol. liv. (London. 1898). DERBY, Edward Hexry Smith Stanley, fifteenth Earl of (1820-93). An English states- man. He studied at Hugby under Arnold, and at Trinity College. Cambridge, and from 1848 to 1869 sat in Parliament for King's Ltou. In 18.52 he was appointed Under-Secretary for Foreign All'airs, in 1858 Secretary for the Colonies and the first Secretary of State for India, and in 1866 and 1874 became Secretary for Foreign Afi'airs. From 1882 to 1885 he was Secre-- tary for the Colonics in Mr. (Jlail-tone's secomi Administration. From 1891 until his death he ■was the chancellor of the University of London. He was a strong opponent of Irish Home Rule. DERBY, deiliT, Oeouce Horatio (1823 61). An American humorist, commonly known as
