DESSAU. by the fijriires of six grenadiers. The town's af- fairs are administered by a municipal euuneil of thirty, and an exeeulive board ol three members. The town is lighted by gas and eleetrieily, has an exeelletit water-supply, and has established a modern sewerage system. An electric street railway provides for local tratlie. The town has considerable manufactures, chief among them being sugar-retiiiing, iron-casting and machine- building, spinning and weaving of cloth, and car- pet-making. It is also a river port, and carries on a lively trade, particularly in grain. Its educational establishments are numerous and excellent, and include a gymnasium, several tech- nical schools, and three large libraries, one of which is maintained by the town. Its charitable institutions are equally numerous, chief among them being the Amalien Stiftuug, established by the daughter of Prince Leopold, and containing an interesting collection of paintings by German and Flemish masters of the eighteenth century. Dessau is the birthplace of the poet Wilhelm Miiller, and of the philosopher Moses Mendels- sohn, both being commemorated by monuments. The bridge over the Elbe was the scene of the brilliant victory won during the Thirty Years' War by Wallenstein over Count Mansfeld, on April 25. Ui2(:. Population, in 1S90. 34.658: in l;iOO, oO.S4(;. Dessau was founded in the twelfth century by Albert the Bear. It received its civic rights as early as 1213, and upon the division of Anhalt in 1603 it became the residence of the Anhalt-Dessau line. It suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War, but l5egan to recover its prosperity in the eighteenth century. DESSOIB, da'swar'. Ludwig (properly Leo- pold Dess.wer) (1810-74). A German actor, bom in Posen. He was attached to the Leipzig Theatre from 1834 to 1837, that of Karlsruhe from 1839 to 1844, and the Hof Theater of Berlin from 1847 until his retirement in 1872. As an interpreter of tragic roles from Goethe, Schiller, and Shakespeare, he took high rank. DE STAEL, dc stal. See St-VEl-Holstein. DESTEERO. da-.star'ro, NOSSA SENHORA DO DESTERRO, n.'.s'sa sa-ny.Tra do da-star'r6, or S.v.NTA C.viiiARix.v, also called Florianopolis. The capital of the State of Santa Catha- rina. Brazil, situated on the west coast of the island of the same name (Map: Brazil, H 9) . It has a picturesque site, being surrounded by hills, is regularly built, and contains a fine plaza, around which centre the principal build ings and a lyceum, an arsenal, and a hospital. An excellent harbor defended by fortifications has contributed to the city's commercial develop- Dient, its principal exports being manioc flour, rice, coflTee. sugar, fish, earthenware, and arti- ficial flowers. Population, in 1890. .30.687. Des- terro was founded in 1640 by colonists from the Azores. DESTOTJCHES, dS'tiJosh'. PniiippE XfiRi- c.MXT (16jin.I7.54). A French dramatist, born at Tours, August 22, 1680. Of his seventeen come- dif's. he (liKiipnfoir (1736) and Le plorieua) (1732) are pronounced by Lessing "models of finer high comedy": and the largely autobio- graphic r.e philosophc viarii' (1727) is also a classic of the French stage. Others would please more if they strove less to edify. Except in Lr. fnuuRf Aqnis (1736), Destouches took his comic 167 DETAINER. vocation too seriously, but he is important as a witness to the change in public feeling that was to welcome the "tearful comedy' (coinidie lar- moyaitie) of La Chaussee. DESTROYING ANGELS or Danites. See Da.mtes. DESTRUCTOR. Kefi .se. See Garbage. DESTUTT DE TRACY, da'stut' dc tra's*', A.XToi.NE Lori.s Clalde, Count (1754-1836). A French philosopher. At the outbreak of the Rev- olution he was a colonel in the army and was sent to the States-General as a delegate of the nobility of Bourbonnais. In 1792 he accompa- nied his friend Lafayette into exile, but returned secretly to France not long afterwards and was cast into jirison, from which only the downfall of Robespierre released him. Under Napoleon he was a Senator, and after the Restoration was created a peer by Louis XVIII. As a philosopher he represented the doctrine of sensualism, follow- ing more especialli,' t'ondillac, whose system he further developed to the so-called ideologism. His principal work is f:icments d'ideologie. Besides this, the Coiiimentairc nur I'esprii des lois dc Montesfjiiieu, deserves especial mention. It was first published in English in 1811, in Philadel- phia. DE TABTJEY, Lord. See W'abrex, John Byrne Leicester. DETACHMENT (Fr. detachement, from di?- taclicr. to detach, from de, away -f -tacher, to fasten, from It. tacca, tack, from Bret, tach, Ir. taca, Gael, tacaid, nail). Military. A body of troops detached from the main body, generally a small body detached for special duties away from the regiment, brigade, division, or army to which they belong, as the case may be. DETAILLE, de-ta'y', .Jean Baptiste Edouaru (1848 — ). A French military painter. He was born in Paris, October 5, 1848. A pupil of Meis sonier, his paintings evince the same devotion to detail and to fine, almost microscopic finish, that marks the works of his distinguished master. His "Repose During Drill in Camp Saint Maur" (1869), painted wh«n he was twenty-one years old, secured him his first medal, in 1870 he took up arms for his country, but he was never imniindful of his art, and made ske+chcs w-hen- ever he could. It was in sketching scenes inci- dent to camp life that he perfected his technique, and made himself competent to reproduce viv- idly and correctly the movements of troops in preparation for battle, or resting after a fight. The horrors of war he suggests rather than de- picts, and his treatment mav be observed in his "Salute to the Wounded" ('l877). His "Move- ment of Troops" is a well-known canvas. His "Passing Regiment" (1875), which is familiar by its reproductions, is the property of the Cor- coran (iallcry in Washington. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Xew York, possesses three of his works. He was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his "Retreat." Consult: Radclilfe. Schools and Masters of Painting (New York. 1898) ; Sheldon, IJoiirs uith Art and Artists (New York, 1882) ; Claretie, L'art et les artistes fran^ais eontemporains, II. series (Paris, 1876) ; Goetschy, Les jetines peintres militaires (Paris, 1878). DETAINER (from Lat. drtinere. from de. off + tenere, to hold). The technical term of the
