DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 184 DEVRIENT. scribed l.v lUif-'h Miller, is the British equivalent of the Cjtskiir.eries. A lar^-e area o Uevonmn rocks is found in northern Kranee, l?elj;iun.. an. North liern.nny, also in Kussia, China, and " "BlBUOGRAniY. Dana, ilanual of Geology (4lh od Now York, 189ti); Geikie. Text -Book of ilcoloau. (1-ondon. IS'.).'?): Williams, "ri.e De- .vonial!and Carboniferous," BulHiu SO. Imted ,S/„f..s- dcolonical Survey (Nasl.ington, 1891). DEV'ONPORT (before 1824 called Plymovtu Dock) A municipal borough, maritime and lortitied town, and naval arsenal of Devonshire, ICn.dand, situated on a promontory between Sto'Dehouserool and the llamoaze or estu.irv of the Tamar. two miles west northwest of lly- mouth (Map: England, B t!). It stands on high piound. with ramparts defcn.lcd by batteries. The streets are regularlv laid out and well paved, and there are a number of handsome pub ic buildin.'s. The town was incorporate.! in 18.5,. although its existence dates from the estab ish- ment of a dockyard there in IfiSn by William HI It sends two members to Parliament, llie town maintains bathhouses, a line park, a tcch- ni.al sdiool. and a public library. It is a very imiiorUnt military and naval station, being the seat of the military and naval government of 'The Three Towns.' that is. Devonport. Stone- house, and I'lvmouth. Its dockyard and ii.aval arsenal are among the most important cstabl^h- ments of this kind in the Initcd Kingdom. Ihe dockyard, together with the Keyham St.>am 'iar.l farther up the Hamoaze, with which it cmnuini- cates by a tunnel, covers an area of soinc- 200 acres There are also barracks, both nava ami military, and a large military hospital. Mount Wise is a line parade ground, and contains tic residences ..f the Lieutenant -Covernor and the Port Vdmiral. Devonport has important steam- ship comnuinications. Population, in 18!)1. 50,- 000: in 191)1. 09.700. DEVONSHIRE (AS. Ihfcua srh; slure of the Defons). A maritime county, "' tl"^^"."; west peninsula of England, I'l*""'"/'"- Rns ol . and English channels (Map: Kiigland. C C) Us area is 2597 square miles, three-fourths being in pasture or arable. The north cc.ast, 00 miles Ion" is steep and rocky, the chief ind.M.lati..n beins Bideford Bay. The south .oast. 100 in, Ics Ion.' is also lined with .liirs. an.l is inilented by To^^Bav and Plvm.mth S.mn.l. The genera Burfa.e 'is hillv. It is an important agricultural and dairv county, and has .onsidcrabU; mining, manufacturing, and fishing industries. The .bief towns are Exeter (the .ounty t"«"'- '^ VTi'soO-' and Barnstaple. Populatmii, in 1891. 0.11.800, in 1901. 000.400. DEVONSHIRE. Spencer Pompton C.wen- i„su .i-lith Duke .if (18:W— ). .-^n English statesm;in. b.ng and familiarly known as the Marquis of llartingt.m. He is the el.lest son of William, the s.'ventli Duke, and was born m Lon- don .Tuly 23. 1833. He graduated at Trinity College, rambri.lge. isnt; was attached to Karl Oranville's special mission to Russia. 1850. and entered Parliament as a T-iberal, 1857. -In 1859 he moved the vote of want of confidence that re- sulted in the fall of the Derby Ministry. Tie be- came Lonl of the Admiralty and rndcr-Secretnry of War in 1803. an.l wa- Secretary of War for a brief iHrind in 180(1. lie held the office of Post- master-Ceneral in Mr. (Madst.ine's Cabinet. 181.8- 71. resigning in the latter year to become thief Scretarv for Ireland. In 1875 he succeeded Mr. (iladstoiie as the l.'a.ler of the opposition in Par- liament, an.l ..11 the d..wnfall of the Conservative .liiiiiiistrati..ii. 18811, was scut f.ir by the Queen to form the m-w Cabinet : this task b.Miig de.lined both bv him and by L.ird Cranvillc. il hnally d..v..lv.'d up..n -Mr. (Jhulslonc. In the new Cabi- n.-t L..r.l llartinglon was lirst Sc.retary of State for In.lia an.l then Secretary of State ""r W ar ( 1883-85 ). during which iK'ri.i.l occurred Lord Wolsclev's memorable expedition to relieve General" Cord.m (q.v.) at Khartum. Opposed to Mr tila.lstone's Home Hule p..li.y. in 1880 he be- came the acknowledged Ica.lcr ..f the Liberal Cnionists (q.v.). and snbs...inently gave a vigor- ous support t.i L.n-.l Salisbury's ..lministrati..n. He became eighth Duke of Dev.)nshire in 1891, and the foU.iwing year m:irri<>.l Hie D.iwagcr Duchess of Man.hesler. wi.h.w of the seventh Duke. The same year he receive.l the Order of the Carter. In 189:5 he was appointed Lord Presi- dent of the Council in the Coalition Cabinet, and in 1900 lirst president .if tlic new Board of Kdu.a- tion. He was chosen president of the Committee of National an.l Imperial Defense rec.immcnded bv the commission initiated by and nani.d after him. His academic li.m.irs liav.^ been Ihv l.ir.l rectorship of (ilasg.nv Cniversity. 1877. l.'rd rect.>rship of Edinburgh I'niversity. 18,9-91, the chan.cll.irshi|. of laiiibridgc I'niversity. 1892, and prcsi.lcncy of Owen's Cidlcgc. Maiuhester, 1900. DEVONSHIRE CLUB. A Lib.r:il club, loun.lc.l in 1S7.J. <nt Saint .himes Street, L.m.lon. DEVONSHIRE HOUSE. The London resi- dence .>f th.' Diik.- .if Dcv.msbirc. in Piccadilly, near Berkcl.v S.iuaie. It contains fine collec- tions of portr;iits. gems, and the •Kemble Plays, including the first editions of Shakespeare. DE VRIENDT, dc vrent. See Elori.s, FbaX- I'.ns. DEVRIENT. .Ir-vryaN'. Cistav Emu. ( 1803- 72). One of a distinguished Cennan family of actors, he and his el.ler brothers. Karl August (1797-1872) and PhUipp Eduard (q.v.). being nepliews of Ludwig Devrient (q.v.). Emil Dcv- rient, as he is known, was born September 4, 1803 in Dresden, an.l began life in :i manu- facturing business, but. having the family prefer- ence for the theatre, ma.lc his .l.'bul ;is an actor and singer in Brnnswi.-k in 1821. In 1825. in LcipziL'. whither he had come about two years liefoic7rom Bremen, he married Dorothea BJililer. a n.,pular actress. After playing also in Mag.lc- burg (1828) and Hamburg (1829). he. in 1831 began his connection with the Court Theatre of Dresden, where he sjicnt most of the r.^maimler of his life. He died August 7. 1872. H-' ":>s .an artist of great a)>ilitv. excelling notiibly in the use of his voice. Among liis gn-atest r.-iles were Hamlet, Pos;i, Tasso. and Iri.d .-Vcosta. DEVRIENT. T.tnwio {1784-1832). A cele- liral.Ml Oeriiian a.tor. first of the noted theatrical family of this name. He was born D.wmlier 1.5. 1784.' in B.'rlin. the son of a silk-mcr.banl. an.l ha.l iie.'iin the .ommereial career that his father planned for him, when, in 1804. he joine. a traveling dramatic company. He made his d.-but in Cera, as thr messenger in the llridr of Mrs-
