DOCTRINE. 847 DODDRIDGE. Clement V'lII. in 1597, and the founder, resign- ing his canoury, bei-ame its lirst superior. He left a rtputation for great sanctity, and was declared venerable by Fius VI 1. in 1S21. His successor, Father Vignier, after founding several daughter houses, sought to make the brotherhood a regular congregation with solemn vows. Pope Paul '. granted this on condition that they should unite with some existing regular congregation. In ItilU. accordingly, they made a connection with the Italian congregation of Soniii.sco, founded by Saint Jerome .Kmiliani; but a few members, not feeling bound to make the solenm vows, joined the French Oratorians. The connection was dis- solved by Innocent X. in 1G47, and Alexander VII. allowed the Doctrinaires (as they are called in France) to make the simple vows, with the addition of that of perseverance, t'nder the new system they spread into Italy. After great ditlicultics from the French Revolution, and in- ternal dissensions which ended in Pius VII. de- ciding in 1805 against any vows for the future, they made themselves useful in the nineteenth century, especially in schools and diocesan semi- naries, and at the present time have about 600 members. DOCZI, LrnwiG vox, do'tse (1845—). An Hingarian publicist and author, born at Oden- burg. He was educated in Vienna and Budapest, was for a time a journalist, in 1867 became an of- ficial in the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of the Interior, and later a councilor in that of Foreign Affairs. His publications include the dramas Vtols6 pr6fcta (1SG8) and Csok (1871), several works in prose, fiction, and poems. He also made some translations into Hxmgarian, in par- ticular of the first part of Goethe's Faust (new ed. 1878). DOD, Daniel (1788-182.3). An American meclianician, bom in Virginia. He was educated at Kutgers College, and became one of the most successful engine-builders in the United States. He constructed the engine for the f-'nvnnnah, the first steamer that ever crossed the Atlantic. He was killed by a boiler explosion at Xew York City. DODD, Moses Woodruff (1813-99). An American publisher, born at Bloomfield, X. J. After graduation at Princeton in 1837. he en- tered the Princeton Theological Seminary, but was soon obliged by ill health to relinquish his studies for the ministry, and in 1839 formed a partnership with John S. Taylor, then a lead- ing publisher of Xew York. Mr. Taylor having withdrawn in 1840. he continued the business under the style of M. W. Dodd imtil his retire- ment in 1870. The publications of the, house during this period were chiefly theological or religious. Fraihv Howaho (1844 — ), son of the preceding, was born at Bloomfield, N. .J. In 1870. with Edward S. !Mead, he succeeded to the busi- ness of his father, uniler the firm name of Dodd & Mead, the establishment becoming, with the admission of Blcecker Van Wagenen in 187G, Dodd. Jlead & Company. .Afterwards he be- came the active head of the firm and was instru- mental in establishing the lionlntnn. Ihe yew Jnfenialionnl I'vryrlopcFrlin.anA other important enterprises, .^s booksellers, the firm has become one of the leading authorities upon and dealers in rare books. It has published the works of Vol. VI.— 23. many of the best-known modern writers in fiction and general literature and art. DODD, William (1729-77). An English clergTi'man and man of letters. He was born at Bourne, in Lincolnshire; graduated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, and was ordained in London, where he became a popular preacher. In 1703 he was appointed tutor to Philip Stanhope, the fifth Earl of Chesterfield. His extravagances led him in after-life to forge the signature of his former pupil, the Earl of Chesterfield, for which he was tried, convicted, and e.wcuted, in spite of the eti'orts of his friend, Dr, Johnson. Among his numerous writings are: Ueuulics of iihake- speare (1752), w'hich supplied Goethe with his first knowledge of the poet; Reflections on Ueallt (1763); and Thoughts in Prison (1777). Con- sult: Fitzgerald, A Famous Forgery, Being the Story of the Unfortunate Dr. Dodd (London, 18(i5). DOD'DER (AS. dodder, probably connected, as being a yellow plant, with AS. dydrin, OSax. dodro, OHG. iotoro, yolk of an egg), Cusc-uta. A genus of plants referred by some botanists to the natural order Convolvulace^, and regarded by others as the type of a small distinct order Cuscutaceae. The plants are leafless, climbing parasites, with flowers in dense clusters; have scales on the tube of the corolla alternate with its segments, and a spiral thread-like embryo, lying in a mass of fleshy albumen. The cotyle- dons are so small that the embryo has been de- scribed as destitute of them. There are about fifty known species of Cuscuta, chiefly found in the warmer temperate parts of the globe, about twenty occurring in the L^nited States. The name dodder is often extended to all of them. One or two species of Cuscuta are natives of Great Britain, parasitic on leguminous plants, heath, thyme, hops, nettles, etc. A species of dodder, Cuscuta epilinum, is very injurious to crops of flax in Germany, and leguminous crops often suffer from Cuscuta epithynuim and ('us- cuta trifolii in the south of Europe. Some of these species have been introduced in clover and alfalfa seed from Europe and are fast l>ecoming serious pests of clover and alfalfa fields. Only clean seed should be sown, and where dodder has become established the crop should be cut and burned before the dodder-seeds mature. It usually appears first in isolated patches, the spreading of which may be prevented by careful attention. The seeds are slightly smaller than clover-seed and may be screened out if care be given the operation. The seed of dodder ger- minates in the ground, but the stem soon seeks to attach itself to plants by little rootlets (haustoria) which it sends out, and the original root dies. The appearance of dodder has been described as resembling "fine, closely tangled, wet catgut." For illustration, see Plate of Par.- siTic Plants. DODD'RIDGE, Philip (1702-51). An Eng- lish Xonconforniist clergyman and writer. He was born in London, and was educated for the ministry at Kidworth, in Leicestershire, where he became pastor of a dissenting congregation. In 1720 he rec^-ived a call to Xorthampton. and became president of the theological academy there. He formed a society for the distribution of Bibles among the poor and submitted to his denomination what has been called the first
