DOUGLAS. 412 DorrRorrcouLi. division of the lU'iiiiiiating convention and the .•iiil>><->jiient noiiiinutidu of l)ollt;hl^ for the I'rcsi- di'iir.v bv hit Northern Iollo^^er^ a^seuihled in Baltimore. In the ensuing eleetion. he received only twelve eleetoral vote:?, hut hi*' popular vote was ne.t to that of Lincoln. Jli* inlhienee con- tinued to be strong, and his hearty support of Lincoln's administration Mpan the outbreak of the Civil War was of powerful etlWt in the de- fense of the I'nion. He died .Mine 3. 18C1, at Chicago, 111. There is a campaign Life of blciihcn A. Dvuiilus, by J. W. Sheahan (New York. IStiO), anil a much more critical review of Douglas's career is given in vohimes i. and ii. of Rhodes's Uuitory of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (New York, 1893 — ). Consult, also, the brief biography. Stephen ArnoUl Doiinlaf. (Boston. 1902), by V. O. Brown, in the •Rivervide Biographical Sieries." DOUGLAS FIR. Sec Sprice. DOUGLASS. David Bates (17001849). An .^meric;^n livil and military engineer, born at Pompton. N. J. He graduated at Yale in 1813, entered the army, and rendered eiTective service in the defense of Fort Erie against the British. In 1819-20 he was assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy at West Point. Subsequently he held the professorship of mathematics, and from 1823 that of civil and military enginetring. which, together with his commission in the army, he resigned in 1831 to become chief engineer in the Morris Canal Com- pany. His most important engineering work for New York City was the making of surveys and plans for the Croton Aqueduct and for Green- wood Cemetery. He was president of Kenyon College (Gambler, Ohio) from 1841 to 1848, when he was made professor of mathematics at Hobart College. DOUGLASS, Frederick (1817-95). An .Ameri- can anti-slavery orator and journalist, bom at Tuckahoe. near Easton. Md. His father was a white man. his mother a negro slave, and lie was reared as a slave on the plantation of Col. Edward Lloyd imtil he was ten years old, when he was transferred to a relative of his owner in Baltimore. There he worked in a shipyard, and taught himself to read and write. In 1838 he escaped from slavery under the disguise of a Failor, and changed his name from Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to Frederick Doug- lass. He proceeded first to New York City, and then to New Bedford. Mass.. where he married a negro woman, and where for several years he was employed as a day laborer. In 1841 he attended an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, and spoke with such power and eloquence that the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society sent him out as a lecturer under its auspiws. He met with so much success that an invitation to lecture in Great Britain was e,tended to him and was acee|>ted. In 184,'j he published his autobiog- raphy, and went to England, where he remained two years, and where a contribution of £150 was raised to buy his freedom in regular form. On his return to .America he settled at Rochester, N. Y., and began to publish a w<'ekly .Miolition newspaper, which was continued until 18(50. being called The yorth fitnr until 1850. when it was reniiniccl Fnilfrirk PiiufilanK's Paper. Dur- ing the Civil War three of his sons served in the Union .rmv. and he himself did much to encour- age negro enlistment. In 185.1 he rewrote his autobiography, which was repiblished in 1882 as tiie Lift and Tiims of h'redt riek Uottijlass. In 1871 be was secretary to the Santo Domingo Com- mission; in 1872 a Presidential elector for the State of New York: in 187ti-81 United States marshal for the District of Columbia: in 1881-8ft recorder of deeds in the District: and in 1889-91 Minister to Haiti. Douglass was a fluent speaker and a ready debater. Consult Lives by Holland (New York, 1891) and bv Chesnutt" (Boston, 18991. DOUGLASS. Sir William Fettes (1822-91). A Scoliisli ]iainter. bom in Edinburgh. He was mainly sell taui;)it. and In-gan by painting land- scapt. but afterwards In-came a figure painter. Toward the close of his life he produced some delicate water-colors. Among his works are: •Dante and His Friends in Hell" (18G2) : "The Magic Mirror" (1872): "The Conspirators" (18(17): "The Rosierucians" (185ti): "Stone- haven Harbor:" and ". Fishing Village." All tJiese are distinguished for fine color and excel- lent draughtsmanship. He painted with the pre- Raphaelite love of detail, and frequently intro- duced rich stuffs and ornaments into his pictures. Consult I'hotofrrariires from the Works of Sir IV. F. Douglas's, tc-ith a Critical Sketch by J. M. (Irati (1885). DOULS. doHl. Camii-LE (1804-89). . French exj)loreT. boin at Rodez. He entered upon his tours of exjdoration in 1887. when he visited the region south of Morocco, clad in the garb of an Arab, his previous studies of the Koran en- abling him to pass as a Mohammedan. He was captured and imprisoned by one of the native trilies. Init was subsequently lilxTated. and suc- ceeded in reaching Morocco. Jn 1888 he began .nnother tour, intending to proceed through the Sahara as far as Timbuktvi: but after penetrat- ing for a considerable distance into the country he was assassinated by his two Tuareg guides. The results of his first voyage were published in the DulUtin de la Society de flfogrnphie (Paris, 1888) : Rcrue de Orographie (Paris. 1888) : and in Lc Tour du Monde (Paris. 1888). DOUL'TON, Sir Henry (1820 97K An Eng- lish i.i'Uvr (if note, born in London. He conduct- ed, primipally at Lambeth and Rowley Regis, the larcest pottery works in the world. It was chiefly he who cITeoted the revival of art pottery, in the furtherance of which he perfected many different varieties of ware. The most noteworthy of these was the 'sgratTito' which traceil its origin to the self-glazed stoneware of the latter part of the seventeenth century. Consult Chaffers, Pot- ter ij nnd Porcelain (London, 1900). DOUK. dnor. A town of Belgium, in the Prov- ince il llainaiit. nine miles west-southwest of Mons (Ma)): B<'lgiuni, B 4). Coal and iron mines are worked in the vicinity, and some coke is proiluced. There is also a thread-mill. Popu- lation, in 1900. 11.431. DOURO. •).■< 1.'.. See DtERo. DOUROUCOULI, doorunkitm* (South American Indian i. . small monkey of Brazil of the genus Nyctipithe<'us, sleeping by dav bit active and fierce at night in purusit of birds and insects. The bmly is only about nine ini'hes long, the tail 14: fur soft and uTayi-h white, with a brown stripe down fh-" back. The head is round
