DRELINCOUKT. 455 DRESDEN. In 1020 he went to I'aiis, and was made minister of the ehureh at L'haienlun. Among the best known of his writings, many of which have been transhited into dillereut hniguages, are: Uc la pcrscicrunce des saints (1025); Uu jubilc des cylises reformces avev h jubilc de Viylise romaine (1027) ; and Consolations dc Vanu- fidrle tout re Ics (raycurs dc la moil (lUol). Tiiis hitler essay received the praise of Defoe in his Appari- tion of ilr.'i. 'eal. DREN'TELN, Alexander Homanovitch (1S20-SS). A Kiissian soldier, born in Kiev. He entered the army in IS^S, in ISO" became adjutant-general, and in 1877, at the outbreak of the Ru.iso-Turkisli War, was appointed to the command ot the resercs in Rumania. From 1S7S to ISSO he was director of the third section of the Imperial Chancellery, in which capacity lie controlled that jjortion of tlic Russian police which had to do with political olfenses. An attempt upon his life was made by a Nihilist in 1879. In 1880 he was appointed a member of the Imperial Council and Governor-General of Odessa. DRESDEN, drez'dcn. A town of Botliwell County, (hitario, Canada, on Little Bear Creek, at the head of navigation on the Sydenham River (Map: Ontario. A 5). It is a railway junction on the Erie and Huron Railroad, and has ship- building, lumber, and canning industries. Popu- lation, in ISiil, 2058: in 1901, 1013. DRESDEN, drez'den. O'er. pron. dras'dcn. The capital of the Kinsdom of Saxony, situated on both banks of the Elbe, in latitude 51° 3' 3" X. and longitude 13° 44' E. (Map: Oennany, E3). The Elbe separates the Altstadt and Friedrich- stadt and their eight suburbs on the left bank from the Xeustadt and Antonstadt with their suburbs on the right bank. The river is crossed by five bridges (one of iron and four of stone), of which the Augustus Bridge dates from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Dresden lias numerous squares and parks, both in the old and the new parts. Its largest park, the Grosse Gar- ten, is situated in the Altstadt, and contains, be- sides numerous statues, a museum of antiquities and a zoological and a botanical garden. The most noteworthy of the squares of the Altstadt are the Altmarkt. the Xeumarkt with its Luther ^lemorial. the TheatcrPlatz with the statue of King John, In- Schilling, and the Schloss-Platz. Across the Elbe the principal squares are the Albert, the Kaiser Willielni. and the Alaun. Along the left bank of the Elbe lies the Briihl Terrace, the finest promenade of the city. It is about half a mile long, with a lieautiful staircase decorated with gilded statuary. The churches of Dresden are numerous, but none of them are of great interest. The Church of Our Lady on Xho Xeumarkt. dating from the beginning of the eighteenth century, has a lofty 'lantern.' and con- tains a fine baroque altar. Xear the Augustus Bridge is the Roman Catholic Court Church. erected in the middle of the eiglifeenth century in the baroque style. It is surmounted liy a tower 280 feet high, and its facade is adorned with 78 statues of saints by Afattielli. The Protestant Snphienkirche was built in the tliirtccnfb and fourteenth centuries, and wns restored in 180408. .mong the seciihir buildings, the most promi- nent is the royal palace, begun in I.t.14, and con- siderably enlarged and adorned by .ugustus the Strong. It is partly built in the style of the sev- cnteentli century, and has a tower 331 feet liigli. Its great court contains several noteworthy wind- ing staircase towers. The banquet and tlirone lialls are decorated with mural frescoes by Uende- iiiann. The Zwinger is the vestibule of an exten- sive and niagniticent pahice begun during the reign of Augustus the Strong by {he Court archi- tect, Poppehnunn, and never completed. The Zwinger comprises seven pavilions connected by a gallery, with an oblong court in the centre. It is built in the baroque and rococo styles. Its north- east wing forms the Jluseuni, a very line build- ing in the Renaissance, begun in 1840 and com- Jileted in 1855. It is profusely decorated with sculptures, including statues of Michelangelo, (Jiotto, Holbein, Diirer, and Goethe. Among other ]mblic buildings are the Prinzen-Palais. erected in 1715, the Briihl Palace, and the Hof Theater, a beautiful Renaissance edifice comiileted in 1878. The new post-olBce. the Academy of Jledicine and Surgeiy, the Rathaus, and the court-house are also noteworthy. Among the public buildings of the Neustadt, the most interesting is the Japanese Palace, dating from 1715, and now con- taining the Royal Library. Among the educational institutions of Dresden are the Royal Technical High Scliool, with sev- eral faculties, a number of classical and 'real' gymnasia, and several art and denominational schools. The Royal Music School is one of the most celebrated institutions of its kind. Dresden has three municipal theatres, of which the fa- mous Court Theatre is devoted to opera and im- portant dramas, and is one of the leading theatres in the world. In art collections and libraries Dresden ranUs high. As early as the sixteenth century the Saxon princes began to accumulate works of art, and laid the foundations of the splendid galleries and museums for which Dres- den is famous. The Royal Library was founded by the Elector Augustus in the sixteenth century. It contains about 460,000 volumes, a large num- ber of MSS. and maps, and a collection of por- traits. The Museum .Johanneuni possesses a rare collection of Chinese. .Japanese. Indian, and Dres- den porcelain, numbering about 15.000 pieces. The Dresden Picture Gallery, for which the city- is best known, is located in the nuiseum of the Zwinger. and contains upward of 2500 canvases. The collection is especially rich in Italian and Dutch works. Among the numerous Italian mas- ters represented are. first of all, Raphael with big most celebrated picture, "The Sistine Madcmna" ; Andrea del Sarto: Correggio (Holy Night") ; Titian ("The Tribute iloney") : Paliiia Veechio ("Venus and the Graces"). Paolo Veronese. Tin- toretto, Caravaggio ("The Card Sharper"), and Ribera are also to be seen here to advantage. Of the Spanish school. Velasquez and Murillo are represented by one fine picture each. Master- pieces of the Flemish school are especially numer- ous, including the "Boar Hunt" and other famous canvases by Rubens, admirable portraits by Van Dyck. and a number of pictures by .Tordacns and Teniers the Elder. Among the Dutch masters are Rembrandt (portraits of himself and his wife, and "Manoah's .Sacrifice"). Frans Hals. G. Don, .driaan van Ostade. Rnysdael, Paul Potter. :
der Mecr, Tcrburg. and ^letzu. The Freni-h schools of the seventeenth and eighteenth cenluries are represented by landscapes of Claude Lorrain and examples of Poussin and Watteau. Of the Ger-
