DU BARKY. 485 DUBLIN. fairs, whose dismissal she brouglit about in 1770. The death of Louis XV. caused her retirement from the Court. Some time after the outbreak of the Kevolutiou slie went to Loudon to see about the recovery of her jewels, which had been stolen. On her return. Kobespierre caused her to be ar- rested, July. 17!io. In Xoveniber she was tried before the Revolutionary Tribunal, and accused of "having wasted the treasures of the State, of conspiracy against the Republic,' and with having, in London, worn mourning for the late King." .She was condenmcd to death and was sent to Uie guillotine. December 7, 1793. Most of the ac- counts given of Madame du Barry are unreliable. She was the victim of nmch slander, and stories concerning her amours are rarely trustworthy. The Mcmoiics ((J vols., Paris, 1829-30; Engl, trans., 1830, 1S9G), published under her name, have no real value. Consult: Douglas, Life and Times of lladtiinc du Barry (London, 1S9G) ; Lacretelle, Histoire de Franee pendant le dix- Iniilicme Steele (Paris, 1830): Vatel, Bistoire dc Madame du Barry, etc. (Versailles, 1880) ; Goncourt, La Du Barry (Paris, 1880). DUBBS. Joseph Henry ( 1838—) . An Ameri- can I'.ctViniied clergyman, born at North White- hall. Pa., and educated at Franklin and iLarshall College, Lancaster. Pa., and at Mercersburg Theological Seminary. He is professor of history and archivology in Franklin and Marshall Col- lege, to which position he was appointed in 1875. He engaged in interesting researches bear- ing on the early history of the German churches in PennsjJvania. His principal publications include a Historic Manual of the Reformed Church (1885); Home Ballads and Metrical "i'ersions (1888): History of the Reformed Church (1895): Leaders of the Reformation (1900) ; and contributions to the Eneyclopwdia Britannica, the f^chaff-Herxog Encyclopedia, and similar works. DUB'LIN dr. nubh-linn. Black Pool). A maritime county in the east of Leinster Prov- ince, Ireland, bounded on the north by Meath, on the east by the Irish Sea, on the south by Wicklow. and on the west by Kildare and !Meath (Map: Ireland, E o). Area, 354 .square miles. The coast, indented by creeks and bays, is 70 miles long, and is skirted by several isles. Dub- lin is the best-cultivated county in Ireland. The chief crops are oats, wheat, potatoes. There are important fisheries of turlmt. brill, sole, plaice, cod. haddock, and oysters. The manu- factures (chietly of cottons, stockings, and em- broidered muslins) are mostly confined to Dub- lin and the vicinity of the metropolis, and are of more value than in any other Irish county. The chief towns are Dublin, the capital of Ire- land, and Kingstown. Unlike other Irish coun- ties. Dublin Conntv shows an increase of pojni- lation from 378.5150 in 1841 to 447,260 in 1901. DUBLIN. The capital of Ireland, in Dublin County and the Province of Leinster, at the mouth of the river Liffey, in Dublin Ray on the east coast of Ireland (Map: Ireland. E 3). It is situated in latitude 53° 23' X. and longitude 0° 20' X. (observatory). It is built on land re- claimed from the sea, and is generally flat. The river, rimning from west to east between granite walls and parapets, divides the city into two almost equal portions joined by several bridges. On each side there is a spacious roadway, with tall houses and excellent shops. Near the cus- tom house there are several large docks in com- munication with the Royal and Grand canals; the former connecting Dublin with the North Shan- non and the west of Ireland, the latter with the southern portion of the same river and the south. The harbor and docks are protected by two large breakwaters. In the newer parts of l)ul)lin the streets run at right angles and are remarkable for their breadth. The most imjiosing is Sack- ville Street, which is 120 feet broad. At its north end is the Rotunda, with Rutland Square — in its centre are the beautiful Ionic portico of the general post-office and Nelson's monument (up- ward of 130 feet high). A feature of Dublin is its squares, which are numerous, spacious, and sometimes well-kept. The southeast and north- east quarters contain many beautiful squares, with splendid streets and terraces. The centre, and tlie northwest quarter are the great empo- riums of trade, and the residence of the middle classes, many of w;hom have private houses in the suburbs. The southwest division, part of which is called the 'Liberties,' once the seat of the silk trade, is the slum district. The streets in this qtiartcr are narrow, crooked, and irregular. The city is surrounded by a "circular road' nearly nine miles in length, forming a favorite drive and promenade. There me numerous places of worship. Catho- lic and Protestant, monasteries, convents, prio- ries, and a Jewish .synagogue. The most remark- able among the Protestant churches are Saint Patrick's Cathedral, founded in 1190, and re- stored by the munificence of a single individual, and Christ Church, which has also undergone restoration : and among the Catholic, Saint Mary's, Saint Saviour's, Saint Augustine's. Saint Kilvin's. The public buildings include the Bank of Ireland, formerly tlie House of Parliament, Trinity College, the custom house, and the Four Courts. Dublin Castle has no ijretensions to architectural beauty. There are monuments of William 111. in College Green, now a paved street; of Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, Gold- smith. Burke. Grattan, and many others on va- rious public sites. The environs of Dublin are especially beautiful. Rathmines, a southern suburb, has become a large township, and is the favorite residence of the wealthier part of the mercantile community. Glasnevin, on the north, deserves special notice as the favorite residence of the poet Tickell, of Addison, Steele. Parnell, Swift, Sheridan, and many other celebrities. In the cemetery at (rlasncvin lie the remains of Curran, O'Connell. and Tom Steele. Phoenix Park is a magnifieent area of over 1750 acres, in some parts level, in others with broken ground, having a large amount of timber and brushwood, which shelter herds of deer. It affords ample scope for military reviews, and is extensively used by the inhabitants of Dublin for recreation. The Lord Lieutenant or Vice- roy of Ireland holds his court in Dtiblin Castle during the winter months, and in the snnnncr season removes to the Lodge, situated beyond Phfenix Park. The chief educational institution of Dublin is Trinity College and University. (.See DiR- i.ix. University of,) There are also a Catholic university, which has a very successful medical school, and many literary and scientific so-
