DUBLIN, UNIVERSITY OF. 487 DU BOIS. sons of iiolilemeu, ami baroiu'ts; iVllow-coin- iiioiiers; scholars; pensioners, or onlinary stu- dents in arts; and sizars, or poor students, as- sisted by the college. Of this last division there are some thirty, who, like scholars and prize men, obtain their positions by competitive ex- amination. Entrance to the college is by examination, and there is an additional examination for high places at entrance. The majority of men enter the arts course, but there are courses leading to degrees in music and in engineering, distinct from that in arts. The course of study usually extends over four years, and nu>y w an ordinary or an honor course. In the latter, higher re- quirements are demanded. In each year one term of the three must be "kept' by examination, the others by attendance on lectures or by ex- amination. The required course for 1900-01 gives the best idea of the arrangements of studies. First year {'junior freshman'), mathe- matics, Greek. Latin, Latin composition, Eng- lish composition; second year ("senior fresh- man'), the same, with the addition of logic and mathematical physics in the second and third terms. The final freshman examination covers all these. In the third year ("junior sophister') mathematical physics, logic, and English com- position are required throughout the year, as- tronomy for one term, the rest of the work being optional. In the fourth year ('senior sophister') astronomy, ethics, and English composition are compulsory throughout the year, logic for two terms. The degi-ee examinations cover these as well as the optional work. Men going into the profession of law, medicine, and divinity are allowed to anticipate their professional courses in these last two years. These courses lead to the degree of B.A. The degree of M.A. must be a B.A. of at least three years' standing, with no further requirement. A Doctor of Science must be a B.A. of three years' standing, present a thesis, and if required, pass an examination. The same requirements, in some form or other, apply to all other advanced degrees, in litera- ture, divinity, medicine and surgery, engineer- ing, and music. The rmiversity is possessed of a number of valuable collections, and controls several im- portant institutions. The library contains over 2fi0,000 volumes. The astronomical observatory of Trinity College is situated at Dunsink. five miles from the college, and is the official resi- dence of the royal astronomer for Ireland. There are, pertaining to the college, museums of natu- ral philosophy, astronomy and zo'dogv. geology and mineralogy-, engineering, pathology, materia medica. and an herbarium, botanical laboratory, and gardens. The grounds of the college in the centre of the city are extensive, the buildings large and handsome. Among the more famous names connected with the institvition may be mentioned those of Archbishop t'ssher, Burke, Sheridan. Swift. Goldsmith. Berkeley, and Sir W. Hamilton. Consult: Taylor. Uislori/ of Diih- lin Vnlvemitti (London. 184.5) ; Stuhbs. Hintorii of Dublin Unherisitif. frnm itfi Foundation to the End of thf Eifjhirenth Cpntury (Dublin, 1800) ; The Booh of Trinitii CoUeqe (Dublin, 1.591-1891), an excellent aecoint, the best refer- ence book; Dublin University Calendar. DUBNER, di.ib'ner, Fhieurrii (1802-07). A German classical philologist. He was born at Horselgau. near Gotha, and after devoting six .years to philological studies at the I'niversity of Gcittingen. was professor at the Gvmnasium at (iotha. from 182fi to 1831. During that period he attracted attention by his a<liniral>le critical edition of .Justin (lS."il), and in lS.'i2 he was called to Paris to superintend Didot's new edition of Stephanus's Thesaurus Linpuw (Jrwcce. Afterwards he was employed on Didot's liihliotheca- (Irccca, to which he contributed the critical editions of Plutarch's Moralia. (1841); of Maximus Tyrius (1841); of Arrian (1840); and of llimerius (1849) ; the scholia to Aristo- phanes (1843) and Theocritus (1849) ; the Fran- niciitii it Siiiiria (18.5,5); and the Aiilholot/ia I'alatina (1804). lie wrote the commentaries on Horace and Vergil for Didot's Collection Elz6- virienne; at the request of Napoleon III., pre- pared a critical edition of Ca>sar (1SC7); and published a number of school editions of the classics. Consult Godefrov, Notice sur Fricdrich Dubner (Paris, 1867). DUBNO, d7>ob'n6. A town in the Russian Government of Volhynia. situated in a marshy region on the Ikva, a little over 30 miles from the Austrian frontier. Population, in 1897. 13,- 800. mostly Jews. DUBOC, du'b6k'. Eduard (1822—). A Ger- man author of French extraction who wrote under the pseudonym 'Robert Waldiuiillcr,' He was born in Hamburg, the son of Eilouard Duboe, author of Dipnifc de I'homme. In addition to the tragedy Brunhild (1873), the drama Die Tochter des PrUsidenteti (1880). and translations of the poems of FrauQois Copp^e. and of Alfred Tennyson's Enoch Ardcn (18(57: 3.5th ed. 1893) and In Memoriam (under the title Freundesklnge, 4th ed. 1870) . he wrote a great niunber of poems, novels, and romances, some of the more popu- lar of which are: Unterm Schindrldnch, idyls (18.51); Das Vermiachtnis der Millionarin, a novel (1870); Walpra. an elegy (1873); Leid vnd Lust, a novel (1874); Die l^omosierra (1881); Darja (1884); Felicitas (1893); and Liebrsstiirme (1897). DUBOC, .TrLius (1829-1903). A German author, brother of Eduard Duboc. He was born in Hamburg, and studied philosophy and history ill (Jiesscn, Leipzig, and Berlin. His publications include: Gcschichte der cnfilischcn I'resse (after Grant, 1873) : Die Fsyehologie der Liebe (1874; 2d ed. 188.3.) ; Hundert Jahre Zeitgeist in Deutschhmd (1889; part ii.. 1893) ; " /•'hh/'-i,'/ Jahre Friiucnfraf/e in Dcutscltland (189(5). In addition to these, he published a great num- ber of essays, a collection of novelettes, Her::ens- geschichten. Ein Xorellenstrauss ( 1888), and the "one-act drama entitled 's Hrrzbhittl (published under the pseudonym of 'Julius Lanz.' DUBOIS, du-bois'. A borough in Clearfield County, Pa.. 23 miles northwest of Clearfield, the countv-seat ; on the Alleghenv Valley, and the LufTalo, Rochester and Pittsburg Railroad (Map: Pennsylvania. C 2). It is principally engaged in coal-mining and lumbering: but there are also iron-works, foundrv and machine shops, flour and lumber mills, tannery, etc. Dubois was set- tled in 1873. and was incorporated as a borough in 1881. Population, in 1890. 6149; in 1900, 937.5. DU BOIS, AuGisTts Jay (1849—). An American mechanical and civil engineer, born
