DUDLEY. 499 DUDLEY. there, and was successively State Senator ( 1820- 25), Mayor of Albany (1821-28), and United States Senator ( lS2li-;j;>) . His duvolion to astronomical science led his widow to give more than .*17>.000 lor the rreition and endowment of the Dudlry Observatory at Albany. DUDLEY, Edmund (c.l4t)2-1510) . An Eng- lish lawyer and statesman. He stuUu'd at Ox- ford, read law at Gray's Inn. and early became a privy councilor to Henry VII. In 1497 he became Indcr-SlierilT of London, a post then of considerable importance to the Crown, as being useful in the collection of revenues from the great feudal chiefs. In this post he amazingly increased the King's wealth and his own. He became Speaker of the House of Commons in 1.504. I'pon the accession of Henry Vlll.. he was haled before a special commission, by which an indictment was found against him on the ground of an alleged treasonous attempt to obtain the throne. After a failvire to esca])e from the Tower, he was beheaded on Tower Hill. He wrote a treatise in defense of absolute monarchy, entitled The Tree of Commontccallh (1859). DUDLEY, Sir Henry B.te ( 1745-1S24)'. An English journalist, born at Fenny Compton (Warwickshire). He was educated, it is said, at Queen's College, Oxford, took orders in the Anglican Church, became rector of Xorth Fani- bridge. and subsequently curate of Hendon. In 1775 he was appointed editor of the Morning Post, and "contrived, before six weeks were over his iiead, to be called out for a criticism" (Pea- body, English Journalism, 1882). With him the dueling-sword was not less mighty than the pen, for his reckless comments often involved him in personal encounters. He made the Post the most readable and widely circulated newspaper of the time, but he also embarrassed it with expensive actions for libel. Having been at last reluctantly dismissed, he established in 1780 the Morning Herald, a Liberal sheet, and at about the same time the Courrier de I'Kurope (printed in French) and the English Chronicle. Through the Herald he defended the Prince of Wales — so adequately, in fact, that by 181.3 he had been presented to several Irish benefices and the rectorj'of Willingham (Cambridgeshire) , and had been made a baronet. He was a minor contribu- tor to the satirical RoUiad, which first appeared ill the Herald, wrote for the stage, and published A Fete Observations Respeeting the Present f?tate of the Poor (3d ed. 1802). A Short Ad- dress to the Lord Primate of all Ireland .(.3d ed. 1808), and other works. This 'Fighting Parson' was also reckoned among the wits of the period. DUDLEY, Lord Guildford ( ?- 15.54). See Grey. Lady .L e. DUDLEY, .loHx! Duke of Xorthiimberland (cl-'i'li .->:i I . .ii English statesman. Tn 1542 he was made an admiral, and a peer with the title Viscount Lisle. From that time he displayed notable ability in naval, military, and civil offices. Created Earl of Warwick in 1540, and five years later Duke of Xortliumberland, he became after the execution of Somerset (1549) second to the King in influence. He schemed to have the succession brought within his own fam- ily: and when Edward VI. died Xorthumberland proclaimed his own daughter-in-law. Lady .lane Grey, queen. But. finding himself alone, he gave his support to Mary. Xevcrtheless, he was put to death for treason — at the last nionicut a penitent Koman Catholic. "Dudley was the ablest man of the time after the death of Henry VIII. He was a cousunwnate soldier, a keen politician, and a skillful administrator. His nature was bold, sensitive, and magnanimous. . . . He was a great man, "but his character was spoiled by avarice, dissimulation, and pers.onal ambition." Consult : Tytler, England Under the Reigns of Edward VI. ar.d Mary (London, 1839) ; Di.xon, Hislori/ of the Church of England (London, 1871-91). DUDLEY, .Joseph (1647-1720). A Colonial Governor of Alassachuselts, the son of Gov. Thomas Dudley. He was born in Roxbury, Mass., and graduated at Harvard in 10G5. He early became a member of the Massachusetts General Court, and was a magistrate of Roxbury in 1073. In 1()82 he was sent to England with John Richards to endeavor to prevent the threatened repeal of the Massachusetts Charter, but, virtually taking the opposite side, he in- gratiated himself with the Government, and in May, 1086, three years after his return, was appointed President of 'Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and the King's Province' (X'ew York), having previously acted for several months as censor of the press. On the coming of Governor Andros (q.v. ), early in 1687, Dudley became judge of the Superior Court, but. when Andros was overthrown by the popular party, in 1689, he was arrested on a charge of tyranny and usurpation, and was imprisoned for five months, at the end of which time he was sent to England, where, however, he was almost imme- diately released, the English Pri- Council dis- missing all charges against him. He then served as Chief Justice of New York from ilay, lODl, to September, 1692, presiding as such over the court which sentenced Leisler and Milbourne to death; returned to England in 1693 or 1094, and served for eight years as Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of the Isle of Wight, In 1702, after much intriguing on his part, he was appointed by Queen Anne Governor of Massachusetts and Xew Hampshire, which position he held in spite of frequent protests on the part of the people, until 1715. .^s Governor he stood for preroga- tive, and, though an able administrator, fre- quently antagonized the colonists by his arbi- trary conduct, coming into almost annual con- flict, in particular, with the Massachusetts Gen- eral Court over the question of a stated salary for the Governor, instead of an annual grant. In the latter part of his administration — during Queen Anne's War — he was active in organizing and fitting out expeditions against the French and Indians. The historian Palfrey gives the following unfavorable estimate of Dudley's character: "Diulley imited rich intellectual attributes with a gioveling soul. To his mean nature, personal agsrandizcnient was the prime necessity. He had paid one price for it by duti- ful behavior in his early years, and another by useful conduct in middle life, as often as such conduct would not thwart, and especially as often as it would further, the aims of his cupidity." For a somewhat detailed account of his administration as Governor of Massachusetts and Xew Hampshire, consult Palfrey. History of Xeic England, vol. iv. (Boston. 18.58 90).
