DTJMONT. 518 DXJMOrTRIEZ. the Benthamite philosophy, lie was born in Ge- neva, .Uily 18, 175!), stiulied theology, and after otlieiatinj; as a minister (or a short time in liis native town, proceeded to Saint Petersburg in 1783, where he accepted the charge of the French Protestant Cluirch. In 1783 lie left Russia, went to England, and became tutor to the sons of Lord Shelburne, afterwards Marquis of Lans- downe. llis superior talents, liberal sentiments, and tine character soon recommended him to the distingiiished Whigs of that period; with Sir Samuel Komilly. in particular, he forme<l a close friendship. During the early years of the Kreiieh Kevolution Dumont was iu I'aris, where he be- came greatly attached to Miral)i'au, regarding whom he has given the world much important information in his Souvetnrs sur Mirabeau et sur Ics deux prvmiircs assemblces legislatives (which were not publislied till 183:2, three years after the author's death). In 1701 Dumont re- turned to England, and formed an intimacy with Bentham. This led to the most important event in his life. Deeply convinced of the value of that philosopher's views on legislation, he requested his friend to allow him to arrange and edit his unpublished writings on this subject. Bentham gave him his manuscripts. Dumont labored earnestly and successfully to bring order out of the chaos of Bentham's writings, and gave them a literary form and a currency which contributed powerfully to their intluence. In the following works lie appears as the interpreter as well as the editor of the philosopher: Trail c de legisla- tion civile ct pcnale (Geneva, 1892) ; Th^orie des Pcines et des rccomjiciiMS (Geneva, 1810) ; Tactique des assemblces legislatives (Geneva, 1815) ; Preuves jvdicinircs (Geneva, 1823) ; and the Organisation jiidiciaireet codification (1828), a posthumous work. Dumont returned to Ge- neva in 1814, and became a member of the representative council. He died in 1820 in Milan. Consult: Macaulay, Review of Diimont's "Recollections of Minibcau" (London, 1832) ; De Candolle. Xotice stir la rie et les ccrits dc .11. Dutnont (Paris. 1820). DUMONT D'URVILLE, di.ir'vel'. Jules Sf;BASTiEN Cesab (1790-1842). A French navi- gator, the discoverer of a portion of the so- called Antarctic Continent. In 1820, while on a surveying trip in the .Mediterranean, he recog- nized the artistic value of a Grecian statue, which had just been unearthed, and which is now known as tiie "Venus of Milo." and announced the <lis- covery to the French Government. In later years he was concerned in explorations around the Aus- tralian continent, Xew Zealand. Van Diemen's Land, and other Pacific and Indian islands for the purpose of finding traces of Lapcrouse. In 1830 he submitted to Louis Philipiie the plan of a new expedition which was to ex|>lore the Ant- arctic regions. .Toinvillc Island and Louis Phi- lippe Land were botli discovered by bim in 1838. After an extended cruise in the Pacific Ocean Du- mont dTrville returned to the far south, and on the afternoon of January 19, 1840, discovered a. coast-line in about latitude 0.5° S., longitude 14° E. This was called by the explorer .d('lie Land. Clarie Land, a wall of ice, supposed by the Prenehnien to be attached to a land-mass, was discovered on January 30th. These two coasts are supposed by geographers to form part of the bound.irj' of a great land, called for convenience Antarctica, or the Antarctic Cimtiiient. Lieuten- ant Wilkes, of the L'nited [States exploring expcdi- ti(jn, had sighted another portion of the same coast farther to the eastward early in tlie morning of .January 19. D'L'rvillc was appointed rear-admi- ral on his return. Eighteen months afterwards he was killed in a railroad accident. Among his publications are: Voyage pittorcsijue autour du monde (1834) ; and Voyages au pole sud el duns roeeanie (1841 ■.34). DUMORTIERITE, du-mOr'tl-Cr-It. A basic aluminium silicate that crystallizes in the ortho- rlunnbic .system, has a vitreous lustre, and is of a bright blue to greenish-blue color. It occurs in fibrous forms in feldspar near Lyons, France, and also in Silesia and in Norway, while in the Inited States it is reported from New York Island and Yuma County, Ariz. It is naiiied after Eugene Duiiiorticr. the French ])alcontologist. DUMOULIN, du'iuonlfiN'. Charles (1500- 66). A French jurist, born in Paris. He was a member of the Keformed congregation, and be- came celebrated as a consulting lawyer. He published in 1351 his Connnentaire sur I'cdit des petites dates, a famous argument to show the justice of the action of Henry II. of France in forbidding the exportation of gold and silver from the Kingdom to Rome. This work was promptly condemned by the Sorbonne, and won him the honor of a heresy trial. In 1564 he published the Consultation sur Ic fait du concile dc Trent, for which he was imprisoned. His writings, comprising fifty other titles, were pub- lished in Pari- in 1581 in five folio volumes. DU MOULIN, .ToiiN Philip (1834—). A Canadian bishop, born in Dublin, Ireland, and educated at Bishop's College. He was ordained priest of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1803, became curate of Trinity Church in 1866, and in 1870 was made curate of Saint .Taiiies's Church, Montreal. In 1873 he Avas appointed first rector of Saint ilartin's, Montreal, and in 1890 was elected and consecrated third bishop of Niagara. He was present at the Lambeth Conference of 1807. DUMOURIEZ, dn'moo're'ft', Charles Fran- cois (1730-1823). A French general and poli- tician, born at Cambrai, .January 25. 1739. His father was a commissary olllcer in the French Army, and young Dumouriez obtained a com- mission and fought in the Seven Years' War, re- tiring in 1763 with the rank of captain, a small pension, and the Cross of Saint Louis. After some years spent in travel Dumouriez was appointed quartermaster-general to the Corsican expedition by the Duke de Choisenl, and was later sent on !i secret mission to Poland. Though employed by D'.iguillon, the successor of Choisenl, Du- mouriez fell into disgrace while on a mission in Sweden, and spent the last months of Louis XV.'s reign in the Bastille. I'nder Louis XVI., however, he was made commandant at Cberbonrg, where he coninienced the creation of a great naval establishment. In 1788 he was made a major-general, and on the outbreak of the Revo- lution attached himself at first to Lafayette and Mirabeau. but in 1790 became connected with the .facobin Club and managed to secure a coiiiniand in Normandy. In 1792 he became ilinister of Foreign Aflfairs, but resigned to become Lieutcn- ant-General of the Army of the North. He oper- ated successfully against the Duke of Brunswick,
