DUNSTAN. 529 DUPANLOUP. •also instituted lelijiimis rofoiins and removed all those in holy orders who refused to ahimdon eon- cubinaj;e. Eilred was siieeecded by Edwy in !155. On the day of the King's eoronation, Dunstau puhliely rebuked him for seeking an uneaiionical marriage, and so won liis illwill and that of his wife's family. He was deprived of liis oHiees and banished ( !•.")(> ) . and liis reforms were eheeked. He lied to Flanders, where he was well reeeived, and lived in (ilient. He returned to England in !).iS, and was made Hislio]) of Woreestor; in !'.">!) he be- eame liisliop of London, and in !l(iO Arehbishop of Canterbury. King Edgar, who suececded Ed'T in 5)58, heartily sustained Ounstan's reforms, and, seeonded by Oswald. Bishop of Woreester, and Ethelwald. Bishop of Winehester, Dunstan with eharaetoristie energ^■ labored ellicaeiously for the regeneration of the elergy and the moral advance- ment of the people. I'mler Dunstan's counsel Ed- gar's reign was vigorous and successful. On the death of Edgar, in HT.'i. Dunstan espoused the cause of Edward the Jlartyr, and succeeded in placing his favorite on the throne. But Ethelred ultimately prevailed, and the power and influ- ence of Dunstan declined. He retired to Canter- bury, and died there May 10. 088. Dunstan was a man of much more than ordinary ability. He was ambitious and persistent in following up his purposes, but bis ambition and persistency were guided by sagacity and far-sighted statesman- ship. It is often said that he introduced the Benedictine discipline into England. But his re- ligious reforms were certainly conceived and started before his visit to Ghent, when he had his first opportunity of becoming familiar with the Benedictine Order. No authentic literary work of Dimstan is extant. Consult: .1/cmo- rials of Saint £i»)i.5/(T», edited by Stubbs (Rolls Series. London, 1874. a collection of lives, with a valuable introduction) : Lingard, History and Antiguitics of the Aiiplo-Saxon Church, vol. ii. (London, 1809) : Wright, Bioftraphia Literaria, vol. i. Anglo-Saxon period (London, 1842). DUN'STER, Hexry (c.1612-59). An Ameri- can educator, tlie first president of Harvard Col- lege. He was bom in Lancashire, England, and was educated at JIagdalen College, Cambridge, where he was associated with .Teremy Taylor and John ililton. He emigrated to Massachusetts in 1<;40. and in the same year became the first president of Harvard College, of which since 1G.37 Xathaniel Eaton had been 'professor' or 'master.' He rendered invaluable service to the college, but in 1654 was forced to resign his office for having publicly opposed the doctrine of in- fant baptism. He was an able preacher, and was widely known as a profound scholar and Ori- entalist. Consult Chaplin. Life of fleurii Dun- ftlrr I r.ostnii. 1872 ) . DITN'TON. .ToiiN- (10.59-1733). An English bookseller and author. He was apprenticed to a bookseller of London, in a short time set up in business for himself, in 1G85-86 visited the Massachusetts Bay Colony to dispose of a por- tion of his stock, and. having seen .John Eliot and acnuainted himself somewhat with the na- tive tribes, returned to London to establish a prosperous new business at the Sign of the Black Raven. Subsequently he was involved in debts, became mentally unbalanced, and pub- lished his remarkable Lifr and Errom of John Dunton (1705), a strange mixture of nonsense and valuable information regarding himself and many other jicrjonages of the time. He pub- lished the weekly Athenian Mercurt/ (originally the Athenian Gazette), from 1600 to 1090. and in 1717 entered into arrangements with Defoe for the publication of another weekly, to be called The llanorer .S/..)/. His many political tracts in support of the Whigs were unrecog- nized by the Ministry, DtJNTZER, di.ni'tser, Jon.NN- Heixrich .Io.si:i-ii (181:M901). A German |)lulologist and literary historian, born in Cologne. He studied at the universities of Monn. Cologne, and Ber- lin, and in 1841! was apjiointed librarian of the public library in the Catholic gynLnasiuni , at Cologne. His publications on philological sub- jects include Die hehre ron dcr lateinischen Wortbiltliing (1830) ; Kritilc vnd Erklarung der Horazischen (ledichte (1840-40); ^'erzeichnis der roniischen Altertiimer des Museums Wallraf- Richartz in Koln (3d ed. 1885) : and school edi- tions of Homer (2d ed, 1873 et seq.), and Horace (with Latin commentary 1S49: with Ger- man conunentary. 1808-09). He also jiublished more than twenty biographical and critical works on Goethe, of which the biography entitled (loethes Leben (2d ed. 1883) has been translated into English by Lyster (1SS4). His biography of Goethe, and similar works on Schiller, Lcss- ing, and Herder, are characterized by scholarly research and accuracy, but lack charm of style, DUNWOOD'Y, Henry H.rri.sox Ch..se (1842 — ). All American meteorologist, born in Highland County, Ohio, He graduated at the L'uited States Military Academy in 1800. After serving in the Fourth L'nited States Artillery from 1800 to 1809, he was recorder of the Tac- tics Board at Saint Louis, Mo., for two years. He was associated as meteorologist with the Signal Office at Washington for nearly twenty years, and upon the organization of the Weather Bu- reau in 1891 was appointed chief of that depart- ment. He founded the weather service in the various States, and systematized the official fore- easts and so-called hot and cold wave predic- tions. In recognition of his important work on the Signal Corps, he was promoted to the rank of major in 1880. His papers on meteorological subjects include the following: Decrease of Tem- perature with Eleratioi: and Reduction of Baro- meter to Sea-Leiel : Tables of Rainfall and Tem- perature Compared with Crop Production; Weather Prorerbs: Absolute Bumiditi/ and Mean Cloudiness in the United States: Geo- graphical Distribution of Rainfall in the United 'stales. DUODECIMAL SCALE (from Lat, ditode- eim. twelve I. The name given to the division of any unit into twelve equal parts, as the di- vision of the foot into twelve inches. See XoTA- TION ; ARtTHMETIC. DTJ'ODE'NUM. See Intestines. DUPANLOUP, du'paN'Inn'. Ffiox Antoine Philippe ( 1802-78). A French prelate. He waa born at Saint Felix, Savoy; was ordained priest in Paris in 1825, and became confessor to the Duke de Bordeau.x (afterwards Count de Cham- bord) in 1827, and Bishop of Orleans in 1849, I'nder Louis Philippe a leader among the Liberal Catholics, he became under Napoleon the foremost champion of the temporal independence of the
