DWARF SNAKE. 556 DWIGHT. cal genus, Calamaria, belongs to the East Indies, where these snakes are numerous under logs and in similar hiding-places, and form a considerable part of the food of other snakes. Several genera and numerous species are to be found in tropical .merica and iIe.ico: and one species, Haldea striatula, usually included in this group, though considered" by Cope a nearer ally of the water-snakes (NatriciuEe), is common m the southern United States. It is a pretty little creature, about the size and shape of a lead- pencil, brown above and yellow or reddish be- neath, with a chestnut band across the head. It hides from view, lives upon insects, and is per- fectly harmless. The representatives of the cala- niari'ne dwarf snakes in the United States belong to the genus Carphiophiops, several species of which occur in the warmer half of the country, inhabiting rotten logs and similar hiding-places. The general colors are glossy brown above and yellowish or salmon-color below. DWARKA, dwiir'ka. A town of Gujarat. In- dia, on the Arabian Sea, on the west side of the Kalhiawar Peninsula (Map: India, A 4). It is celebrated as the birthplace and residence of Krishna, to whom a great temple is here dedi- cated. It is a resort for Hindus, over 10.000 pilsirims visiting the shrine annually. Popula- tion, .5000. DWELSHATJVER-DERY. dvel'zo'var'-da'- re', Victor (1836—). A Belgian engineer and physicist, born at Dinant. He was educated at the universities of Brussels and Lifege, and ob- tained the chair of engineering at the latter institution in 1SG9. He was the commis- sioner of the Belgian Government at several international expositions. His writings are devoted chiefly to the regulation of machinery and to the theory of heat-engines. He has reduced the modern theory of steam-energy to exact fisiires, basing his calculations largely upon the calorimetrie methods of Him. His publica- tions include: Le monde ml nous vivons (trans- lated by Anstey, 1871) ; Principes de la rcsist- ance des materiaiix (1878); Exposi succinct de la tMorie des moteurs-d-vapeur (1880-82); and Etude expirimentale thcrmique de la machine-cl- vapenr (1892). DWERNICKI, dver-nits'ke, JozEa? (1779- 1857 i . A Polish general, prominent in the Revo- lution of 1830.31, born in Warsaw. In 1826 lie became a P.ussian general of brigade. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution of 1830-31 he was appointed to organize the Polish cavalry service, and on February 14 and 19, 1831, de- feated the Russians at Stoczek and Novawicz, He was subsequently taken prisoner by the Aus- trians and deported to Hungary, where he re- sided under surveillance. His Famietnikl ('•Me- moirs") were edited by Plagovski (1870). DWIGHT, Benjamin Woodbridgk (1816-89). An American educator and author. He was born in New Haven, Conn., and was educated at Ham- ilton College, New York, and at Yale Theologi- cal Seminary, where he graduated in 1838. In 184G he founded the Congregational church at Joliet, 111., and after acting for two years as its pastor, removed to Brooklyn. N. Y.. where he established the Dwight High School, which he conducted for twelve years. From 1858 until 1867 he conducted similar schools at Clinton, N, Y., and in New York City. His publications include: Modern Philology (1864); History of the Dwight Family in. America (1874)-, Wo- man's Higher Culture; The True Doctrine of Divine Providence (1887). DWIGHT, Edmund (1780-1849). An Ameri- can mercluuit. He was born in Springfield, Mass.; graduated at Yale in 1799, and studied law with Fisher Ames. The manufacturing lirm which he established in Boston founded Chico- pee Falls in 1822. Chieopee in 1831, and llol- yoke in 1847. Dwight was instrumental in establishing the Massachusetts State Board of Education, and the present normal school system of the State, DWIGHT, H.utRisoN Gray Otis (1803-02). An American missionary. He was born at Con- way, Mass., graduated "at Hamilton College in 182'5, studied theology at Andover, and was afterwards sent by the American Board to assist in the Armenian missions. Among his works are: Christianity Revived in the East (1850), and a "Catalogue of Armenian Literature in the Middle Ages," in the Journal of the American Oriental Society (Boston). DWIGHT, John Sullivan (1813-93). An American music critic, born in Boston, ilass. While at Harvard (class of '32), he aided in founding the Harvard ;Musical Association. He became a Unitarian minister, bi.it later joined the Brook Farm Community, where he was musi- cal editor of the Harbinger. In 1852 he founded Dwight's Journal of .]Iusic, which he conducted with such ability and consistency of purpose that at one time it enjoyed wide influence. Dwight was, however, a classicist, and unable to keep up and sympathize with the tendencies of modern music, especially with Wagner. The Journal gradually lost in circulation, and in 1881 it was discontinued. DWIGHT, Nathaniel (1770-1831). An American pliysician. He was born in Northamp- ton. Mass.. and was the brother of the elder Timothy Dwight, president of Yale. He was probablV the first to propose the present system of retreats for the insane, and his Short System of the Geography of the World (1814) was the first school geography published in the United States. He also wrote A Compendious History of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence (1831), DWIGHT, Sereno Edwards (1786-1850).
American clergvman and writer, a son of
President Timothy Dwi.iiht, of Yale. He was bom at Greenfield Hill, Conn,: graduated at Yale in 1803; studied and practiced law, and afterwards devoted himself to the study of the- ology and became pastor of the Park Street Church, Boston. From 1833 to 1835 he was president of Hamilton College. He published the Life of David Brainerd (1822); the Life and Works of Jonathan Edwards (his great-grand- father) (1830); and a volume entitled The Hebrew Wife (1836), written to prove the un- lawfulness of marrying a deceased wife's sister. Consult Select Discourses, with a memoir by his brother, William Theodore Dwight (New York, 1851). DWIGHT, Theodore (1764-1846). An Aiiiiri<:ni lawver and journalist. Ho was born a1 Northampton, Mass,, and was the brother of Timothy Dwight, president of Yale, and the
