EAST RETFORD. 605 EATON. EAST RETFORD, rtt'ferd. A municipal bor- ough ami market town in tho county of Notting- ham, England, on the Idle, an atUuent of the Trent, 138 miles north-northwest of London ( Map : England, F 3 ) . The town has a hand- some town hall, corn exchange, and market hall. It owns its gas and water supply and maintains public baths, markets, and slaughtiM-houses. There are iron-foundries and manufactures of paper and india-rubber; and a cimsidiTable trade in hops is carried on. Population, in 18111, 10,- 600; in I'.tOl. 12.300. Retford api)eMrs in Domes- day, and received its first charter from Edward I. EAST RIVER. The strait connecting Long Island Sound and upper New York Bay (Slap: Greater New York, E 8). It is also connected on the north through the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek with the Hudson. It sepa- rates the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx on the west and north from those of Brookl-n and Queens on the east and south. It is about fif- teen miles long, and varies from less than one- half a mile to three and a n:; If miles in width. Its principal islands are Blackwell's, Ward's. Randall's. Hiker's, and North Brother, containing city institutions. A channel between Ward's Island and Long Island, in what is knowTi as Hell Gate, has been made navigable by blasting. The famous Brooklyn Bridge, finished in 1883. spans the East River, and two more gigantic bridges are in course of construction. EAST SAINT LOUIS. A city in Saint Clair County, 111., on the Mississippi River, opposita Saint Louis. Mo., and entered by eighteen lines of railroad (Map: Illinois. B 5). East Saint Louis is an important manufacturing centre, its in- dustrial interests being promoted by valuable coal deposits in the vicinity. It has malleable iron-works, frog and switch works, a rolling- mill, foundry, rail-mill, glass-w'orks. flouring- mills, a barrel-factory, rendering-works, etc. There are also stock-yards, a horse and mule market, and pork and dressed beef packing in- dustries. The more prominent buildings include the City Hall, high school, and the public libra- ry, costing $100,000. East Saint Louis was incor- porated as a tovn in 18G1. and was chartered as a city in 1865. It is a progressive municipality, having expended in the last decade over $5,000,- 000 in street and other pul)lic improvements. The government is administered by a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council, of which the executive is a member. The city treasurer, city attorney, assessor, city clerk, justices of the peace, constables, and supervisors arc elected by the people. All other municipal ofTicials are nominated by the executive and confirmed by the council. East Saint Louis has had a rapid growth, its population having increased from 5644 in 1870. to 15.169 in 1890, and 29,655 in moo. EAST STONE'HOUSE. A town in Devon- shire. England, ffimiing with Plymouth (q.v. ) and Devonport (q.v.). the aggregation styled 'Tlie Three Towns.' Population, in 1891. 15.-i00; in inoi, 1.5.100. EASTWARD HO! A comedy by Marston, Chapman, and .lon.son. It was written and pro- duced in the winter of 1004-05. and contains a. satire on the Scotch, for which the authors were imprisoned and even threatened with mu- tilation. EAST'WICK, Env.RD B.ckiioise (1814-83). An English diplomatist and Orientalist. He was educated at ilerton College, Oxford. In 1845 he was appointed professor of Hindustani at the East India Company's College of Haileybury, and in 1859 assistant political secretary in the India Office. From 1860 to 1863 he was secre- tary of legation at the Court of Persia, in 1864 and 1867 was a commissioner for the negotia- tion of a Venezuelan loan, and in 1866 was ap- ]iointed private secretary to Lord Cranborne, the Sccrct.iry of State for India. In 1868-74 he represented Falmouth and Penryn as a Con- servative in the House of Commons. His pub- lications include translations of (1852) the Oulistan of Shekh Muslihu'd-din Sadi. and (1854) the Anvar-i Suhaili, with a Concise (Irammar of Biiidtistani (1847 and 1858); a flandbooh for Intlia (1859 "Murray's Hand- books" series). Journal of a Diplomat's Three Years' Residence in Persia (2 vols., 1864) : and Venezuela: or, Sketches of Life in a South American Republic (1864: first published in Dickens's All the Year Round). EASY, Sir Cn.Ri.ES. The title-character in Ciliber's Careless nusband. His tendency toward indolent vice is checked and cured by the sense and tact of an amiable wife. EASY, MiDSHiPMAx. See Midshipman East. EATON, e'ton. A village and the county-seat of Preble County, Ohio, about 50 miles north of Cincinnati, on the Pittsburg, Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad (5lap: Ohio A 6). It is the centre of a fertile agricultural region. Popu- lation, in 1890, 2934; in 1900, 3155. EATON, Amos (1776-1842). An American scientist, born in Chatham, N. Y'. Graduating from Williams College in 1799, he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law and civil engineering at Catskill. N. Y. He gave much time to study of the natural sciences, in- cluding chemistry, mineralogy, and geology, and in 1820 he was engaged to make a geological and agricultural survey of Albany and Rensselaer counties, one of the first of such undertakings in this country. He afterwards nuule a geologi- cal survey of the region along the Erie Canal, from which was constructed a profile section of the rock formations from the Atlantic Ocean across Massachusetts and New York to Lake Erie. His best-known works are: An Index to the GeolofJ!) of the Northern States (1818) : A Manual of Botany of Korth America (1833); and fliolofiical Xote Book (1841). EATON, Amos Beebe (1806-77). An Ameri- can soldier. He was born at Catskill. N. Y. : grad- uated at West Point and was assigned as lieuten- ant of Fourth Infantry in 1826. .fter having served on the northern frontier, he was trans- ferred, in 1838, to the Department of Subsistence, and served as commissary in Florida, on the Can- ada border, and in New York. In the Mexican War he was chief connnissary of subsistence under Gen. Zachary Taylor, receiving the brevet of major in 1847. During the Civil War he was purchasing commissary at New York City for the armies in the field, and in 1864 was ap- pointed commissary-general of subsistence at Washington. He rose to the regular rank of brigadier-general, and in 1865 was brevetted
