EBERHARD. 610 EBEBS. EBERHAKD, Johan.n August (1739-1809). A Lieruiau philosophical writer. He was born at Halberstadt, studied theology at Halle from 1756 to 175U, and after siwuding several years as a preacher in Berlin and Charlottenburg became professor of philosophy at Halle in 1778. Among his writings were treaties on ethics, sesthetics, the liistory of philosophy, and syn- onymy; especially notable were the .Vtuc Spolo- gie des Socrates (1772-73) and Allyenteine Theo- rie des Denkens iind Empfindeits (1776). He was a Leibuitzian, and toward the close of his life struggled, but without success, against the specu- lative views of the new schoolfi of philosophy headed by Kant and Fichte. EBERLE, fiTier-le, KouERT (lS1.5-(iO). A Ger- man animal and landscape painter, born at Aleersburg on Lake Constance. At first a pupil of Jakob Biederniaini at Constance, he went to Munich in 1830, where he was much influenced by the works of Ruysdael and Dujardin in the Pi- nakothek. In 1848 he spent lliree niontlis in America. I)ut he returned to Jlunich, where he died from the effects of an accidental pistol-shot. He is particularly noted as a painter of sheep. His pictures are distinguished for good drawing and striking light efl'ects. Among the most note- worthy are: "Shepherd Killed by Lightning Beside His Flock" (1842), Copenhagen Gallery; "Sheep and Cattle in Stable," Leipzig iluseum; "Suabian Shepherd with Flock" (1853), Pina- kothek, Munich ; '"Sheep Driven Over Precipice by an Eagle" (1858). Karlsruhe Gallery. His son Adolf ( 184.3 — ) , born in Jlunich, is equally successful as a genre and animal painter. He studied at the JIunieh Acad- emy, especially under Piloty. One of his best rural genre scenes, the "Seizure of the Last Cow" (1801), is in the Hamburg Gallery. Others are: "After the Baptism" (1808), for which he was awarded a medal in Vienna; "The First Deer" (1879): "Forester's Belated Dinner" (1888); "A Lucky Catch" (1891). EBERLEIN, a'ber-lin. Gu&T.w (1847-). A German sculptor, born at Spiekershausen (Han- over). He studied at the Art Academy of Nuremberg, and allied himself with the so-called realistic group of Berlin sculptors, of which Eeinhold Begas (q.v.) is the chief representa- tive. His best work has been done in imitation of the genre scvilptures of ancient art, and in- cludes such subjects as "Greek Fhite-Player." "Psyche," "Wounded Xymph," and "The Archer." He also executed statues of the Em- peror William I. at Elberfeld, Geislingen. Mann- heim, Allona, and Ruhrort. and one of Frederick I. for the "Siegesallee." constructed by William II. in Berlin. He published in 1892 Aus eines Bildners Seelenlcben, Phistil,', M-aterei und I'orsii . EBERNBX7RG, :"i'bern-b<)<>rK. A village in the Bavarian Palatinate, situated at the junction of the Alsenz with the Nalie. about 20 miles southwest of Mainz (Jlap: Germany, C 4). It is notable on account of its castle, which once belonged to the famous knight Franz von Sickingen, a devoted friend of the early Re- formers. His stronghold, considered impreg- nable in olden times, afTorded a secure retreat from danger and persecution to Melanclithon, Schwebel. Biicer, U'^colampadiiis, and also Ulrich von Hutten, the most distinguished bard of the Reformation and apostle of German unity. Hutten composed several of his works here. The castle was destroyed by the French in 1794. In 1841 it was rebuilt in its quaint ancient style. It now serves as a pleasure resort. The llutten- Sickingen monument, half way up the hill, was unveiled in 1889. Population of village, in 1900, SIS. EBERS, a'bers. Emil (1807-84). A German genre painter, born in Breslau. He was a pupil of the Diisseldorf Academy, where he was much influenced by Lessing, Jordan, and Ritter. in company' with the latter two he visited the coasts of Holland and Normandy, and liecame much interested in the life of smugglers, fisher- men, and sailors, from which the subjects of his best pictures are chosen. He also painted humorous military scenes. His works show good composition, careful study of detail, and harmonious coloring. The most noteworthv are: "Smugglers About to Land" (1830), National GalleiT, Berlin : "Rescued Woman Among Fish- ermen" (1841): "Pilot Boat" (1845): and ".Mutiny on a Brig" (1848), Breslau Museiun. EBERS, Georg Moeitz (1837-98). A German Egyptologist and novelist, born in Berlin. In 1850 he entered the L'niversity of Giittingen as a student of law, but soon became interested in Egyptolog- and devoted himself to that study in Berlin under Lepsius, Brugsch, and Biickh. Receiving his degree in 1802, he s[)ent the next three years at work in the principal Egyptologi- cal museums of Europe. In 1805 he became lecturer, and in 1809 associate professor of Eg>ptology at Jena. In 1809 and 1870 he traveled extensively in Egypt and Nubia, and in the latter j'car accepted a call to Leipzig as associate professor. Two j'cars later lie again visited Egypt, where he discovered the celebrated liieratic medical papyrus, since known as the Papyrus Ebers. Dating from about 15.50 B.C., it is one of the best preserved Egj'ptian papyri in existence, and forms the chief source of in- formation in regard to the medical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians. A facsimile (110 plates) was published in 1875 by the discoverer, with an introduction written by himself and a hiero- glyphic-Latin glossary by L. Stern. The papy- rus is now in the library of the Fnivorsity of Leipzig. Among Ebcrs's scientific works may be mentioned his Uisquisitioties de Dt/nastia XXVL Regum .ISgyptorum (1805), and Aegyptcn und die Biicber llosis ( 1868). His Durch Gosen cum Siuai (1872. 2d ed. 1881) is partly of a popular character. He also wrote Acgypten in Wort und BiJd (2d ed. 1880. 2 vols., illustrated 1 . and I'irhard Lepsius, cin I^rhrnsbild (1885). Ebers's reputation as a novelist was established by his Eine iigyptisrhe Kiinigstochtcr (1804), a charming picture of Egyptian life at the time of the Persian conquest. Of his later novels, Uarda (1877). flomo Sum (1878). Die Sehues- tern (1879), Der Kaiser (1880), and Sernpis (1SS5) deal with periods of Egyptian history. Others of his novels, among them hie Fran Biir- geryneislerin (1881) and Ein Wnrt (1882). are located either in Holland nr South Germany, in the sixteenth century, while his Eine Frngc (1881) is an idyl of ancient Greek life. In 1876 Ebers became partially paralyzed, and for the rest of his life sutTered frniii continued ill health. He usually spent the summer at his
