ELUTRIATION. 14 will sink to the bottom of a vessel quickly, leav- ing finer material behind. The process may be repeated by successive decantings or siphonings of the liquid. The process is used for preparing clay (q.v.) for porcelain manufacture, and for glazim: earthenware in chemical laboratories and for other purposes. Elutriation on a grand scale is exhibited by nature in the deposit of fine earths. The immense beds of fine potter's clay and kaolin, covering many square miles in area, are the re- sult of the slow subsidence of fine particles sus- pended in water passing in a slow but steady current in estuaries. The streams from the land carry down the turbid products of rain, deposit- ing at first coarse gravel, then finer gravel, then coarse and fine sand, all the particles pursuing an oblique descent, more and more approaching the horizontal, till at last the impalpable par- ticles of fine clay are slowly deposited over vast areas. ELVAS, al'vash. A fortified city of Portu- gal, situated in a very fruitful district in the stern part of the Province of Alemtejo, 10 miles west of the Spanish town of Badajoz (Map: Portugal. B 3). It is the strongest fortress in Portugal, having two formidable forts,Fort Santa Lucia and Fort Lippe, the former to the south, and the latter — almost entirely shell-proof — to the north of the city. Elvas has a cathedral built at the close "f the fifteenth century, which contains some tine paintings; there are also a theatre, a hospital, and an old Roman aqueduct. This aqueduct .■ m - i ~t ~ of four tiers of arches built upon one another, rising to the height of about 250 feet. In the surrounding districts olives and grape- are cultivated, and some iron is mined. Elvas has been the seat of a bishop since 1570 The chief manufactures arc arms and jewelry. Population, in 1890, 13.201 ; in 1900, I 1,018. Elvas is the Roman Alpesa and the Moorish Balesh. It was fortified by the Moors, and later became an object of contention between the I 1 . rtuguese and Spaniards. During the Penin- sular War it was a place of greal strategic im- portance, and in 1808 was captured by the French, under Marshal Junot. It was soon afterwards i en up, in accordance with the terms of the Convention of ('intra. ELVENICH. el'v.- ntK. Peteb Joseph (1796-
German theologian and philosopher.
lb- was born .ii Embken, Districl of Ai la-Cha pelle, and was educated a1 Munster and Bonn. lie v.j- appointed profe n of Bonn in 1826, and three year- laid- was called to the chair of phi- losophy at Breslau, where, in 1840, lie also be ■ royal librarian, lie was oi I the fore mosi defenders of Eermesianism, and after the publication of the Papal deer f January 7, 1836, denouncing the writings of Hermes', he visiti i der to secure a revocal ion of the edict. Hi- principal works include: Acta .' 'is 15) . I I. WART, Bl'vllr', vioim: Aimaiiii Hi " i n in P " red in early boj 1 1 i e . i complel mil l.c Sueur, had foun v ELY. appointed professor at the Conservatory, and re- tained this position for more than thirty years. His writings on music include: Dupre, sa lie artistique (1838); Le chanteur accompagnateur (1844); Histoire de la society des concerts da conservatoin 1 2d ed. 1803); Histoire des con- certs populaires (1804). EL'WELL, Fbank Edwin (1858—). An American sculptor, born at Concord, Mass. He first studied under Daniel Chester French, then at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and under Falguire. His works include a monument at Edam, Hol- land: "Death of Strength:" "Awaking of Egypt ;" an equestrian statue of General Hancock at Get- tysburg; a monument to Edwin Booth at Cam- bridge; "Intelligence;" and a statue of "Dickens and Little Nell," at Fairmount Park, Philadel- phia. He received a medal at the Columbian Ex- position. His work shows some imagination and considerable technical ability. His "Water Boy of Pompeii" is in the Metropolitan Museum, New York City. EL'WOOD. A city in Madison County. Ind„ 45 miles north by east of Indianapolis; on the Lake Erie and Western, and the Pittsburg, Cin- cinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis railroads (Map: Indiana, D 2). It is in the natural-gas belt, car- ries on a considerable trade in live stock, grain, and produce, and has large tin-plate mills, iron- works, saw and planing mills, brickyards, flour- mills, and extensive manufactures of plate and window-glass, lamp-chimneys, etc. The city maintains a public library. Population, in 1890, 2284; in 1000, 12,950. ELY, e'li. A city of Cambridgeshire, England, situated on rising ground near the Ouse. on the Isle of Ely. in the fen country (Map: England, 4). The city consists of a single long street, re- taining several mediaeval dwelling-houses. It derives its celebrity from its ecclesiastical archi- tecture: the ancient churches of Saint Mary and of the Holy Trinity, the Episcopal Palace of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, remains of conventual establishments, and, above all, the cathedral, one of the largest in England, begun in 1083, completed in 1534, and restored since 1st;. It presents an interesting mixture of Saxon. Nor- man, and Early English architectural types. The interior dimensions are: length. 530 feet; breadth, 77 feet, height. 02 feet; length of tran- septs, ISO feet. Its principal features are the decorated octagon and lantern tower, 170 feet high, built between 1322 and 1312, and the only Gothic dome extani : the late Norman nave; the English 'Galilee' or Western porch; the decorated ladj chapel : ami the choir, with its line carvings and sculptures. Extensive market gardening is carried on in the neighborhood of Ely for the metropolitan and Cambridge markets.' and the manufacture of pottery and pipes engages the attention oi a few of' the inhabitants. Ethel- dreda, daughter of Anna. King of Easi Anglia, d i monastery here aboul a.m. 073. In 870 the Dane, ravaged Hie Isle of Ely and de ii...., ,i the monastery, which was rebuilt in 970 by Saint Ethelwold, Bishop of Win- In Icr. This n .named till 1083, "hen the new church was begun, which was converted into the cathedral anil the abbey elect,, I into a see hi 1109 I one of the last strongholds of the Saxons afti i the Conquest, ami was the 'camp of refuge' of Hereward in 1071. Among the celeb
