EUSEBIUS. 301 EUSTATHIUS. notwithstanding opposition, sometimes violent, ,m account of his semi Arian sympathies. He was also accused of Sabellianism. (See S. 1:1:1.1 i is.) He was a favorite of the Emperor Constantius, accompanied him on his expedition against the Persians in 338, and spent much oi his time thereafter in attend: e upon the Kmperor. lie died at Antioch iii 359. His reputed works are in Migne, Palrologia Uracil, lx.wvi., and his homilies were published by Au^iisti i Elberfeld, 1829). Many of these are undoubtedly spuri- ous. Consult Thilo, I eber dii Schriften des Eu- sebius von Alexandrien und des Eusebius vun Emesa (Halle, 1859). EUSEBIUS of Nicome'ma ( 1-342). An Ari- an leader, Patriarch of Constantinople, lie was born toward the close of the third century, an 1 was related to the Imperial family. He was educated in the schools of Antioch, Arius being a fellow-pupil. He became Bishop of Berytus (Beirut), in Syria, and later of Nicomedia. At the Council of Nlcaea he appeared as a defender of Alius, and, like his namesake, of Ca>sarea, advo- cated compromise. Later he placed himself at the head of the Arian party. In 339 he was made Patriarch of Constantinople. In 341 he held an a--embly of the Church at Antioch, for the pur- pose of establishing Arianism. He died in 342. Eusebius is said to have been ambitious and avaricious, and unscrupulous in the means adopt- ed to secure his ends. It must be borne in mind, however, that no writings of the Arian party are preserved, and all our knowledge is from their opponents, the orthodox party. The Arians are sometimes called Eusebians. EUSEBITJS EM'MERAN. See Daumeb, Georg Friedbicii. EUSKALDUN, u'skal-doon'. See Basque. EUSKIRCHEN, oislur-Ken. A town and railway junction, capital of a circle in the Rhine Province, Prussia, 15 miles west of Bonn. It is a thriving industrial centre; it has cloth manu- factures, steam mills, and breweries. Population, in 1900, 10,285. EUSTACHIAN (u-sta'kl-on) TUBE. See Ear. EUSTACHIO, a-oos-ta'ke-6, Bartolommeo ( ?-1574). An Italian anatomist, born in the early part of the sixteenth century. His birth- place is not known with certainty. In 1562 he was professor of medicine in the Collegio della Sapienza at Rome. His name is indelibly associat- ed with anatomical science, through his discover- ies of the Eustachian tube (see Ear) and the rudimentary valve in the heart, which are named after him. He was the first to give an accurate description of the thoracic duct, and was prob- ahly the first to notice and describe the stapes (one of the chain of small bones crossing the tympanic cavity of the ear) — a discovery which, however, Fallopius assigns to Ingrassias. He likewise contributed materially to the diffusion of more accurate knowledge regarding the de- velopment and evolution of the teeth and the structure of the kidney. These discoveries are recorded in his Opuscula Anatomica, published at Venice in 1563. The Tubuhr Anatomical did not appear until 1714. when they were edited, with explanatory remarks, by Laneisi. Eus- tachio, Vesalius, and Fallopius may be regarded as the founders of modern anatomy. See Anat- omy. EUSTACHIUS, sta'kl-us, or EUSTA- THIUS. A Roman sailll and martyr of the ond century. According t'> the legend, his name was Placidus. The legend adds thai he was i vertedj while engaged in the chase, by suddenly beholding between the aid Ins of a deer a vision oi Chri t, which Ihus addressed him: "Why dost thou fol low mi 1 , who desire thj salvation?" He ui fered martyrdom in Rome under Hadrian, and is regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as patron of the chase. II is day is September 20th. EUSTA'THIUS (Lat., from 6k. KiVrdflios) oe Antioch (?— -c.340). A Bishop of Antioch, born at Side, Pamphylia. Al the Council of Nicsea he was exceedingly hostile to the Arian-. in consequence of which he was deposed (331) upon their accession to power. He was subse quently banished to lllyria. ami finally to Tin ace, where he died. Only a work against Origen and a few fragments of other volumes remain of his numerous writ ings. EUSTATHIUS ?-e.380). A Semi-Arian bish- op of Sebaste, in Armenia, into which country he introduced monasticism. The ascetics known as Eustathians are supposed to have derived their name and their religious practices from him. He was also the founder of a hospital for the poor at Sebaste, which he placed in charge of his friend .Erius. Although constantly attacked by the orthodox churchmen, he retained his see, through the friendship of Constantine, until after 306. EUSTATHIUS. A celebrated Byzantine com- mentator on Homer, Dionysius the Periegite, and Pindar. He was born probably at Constan- tinople in the early part of the twelfth century; became a monk, later a deacon in the Church of Saint Sophia, and in 1175 was appointed Arch bishop of Thessalonica, where he died between 1192 and 1104. He is best known for his great, commentary on the Iliad and the Odyssey, which. in spite of its diffuseness and digressions, is a valuable treasure house of ancient learning; but since the discovery and publication of the Ho- meric Scholia its importance has been much diminished. His chief sources were the extant Homeric Scholia, rhetorical lexica, Suidas. the Etymologicum Magnum. Athenaeus, .Elius Diony- sius. Aristophanes of Byzantium, Pausanias, Stephanus of Byzantium, Suetonius, and Hera- clides of Miletus. It was first published in Rome in 1542; last edition by Stallbaum (7 vols., Leipzig, 1825-30). The paraphrase and com- mentary to Dionysius the !'• riegite is of little value, 'it is best published by Bernhardy, in his edition of Dionysius (Leipzig, 1828). Of the commentary to Pindar only the introduction on the life of the poet is preserved, and this is edited with commentary by Schneidewin (Gottin- gen, 1837). Eustathius also left a considerable number of historical writings, speeches, and tracts, important for a knowledge of his times. and of the inner history of the Creek monasteries in the twelfth century. Of these the greater part are published in Migne, Patrologia Chrceca, vol-. 135 and 136. Consult Krumbacher. Byzantini Litteraturgeschichte (Munich. 1S07K EUSTATHIUS, or EUMATHIUS. known as Makrembolites. A Byzantine erotic
