EYTINGE. 403 EZEKIEL. EYTINGE, i'tlng, Rose (1838—). An Ameri- can actress and author, born in Philadelphia. From 1802 to 1869 she played in various theatres ii. New York City, and then went abroad with her second husband. Col. George II. Butler, Consul-General to Egypt. On her return thence in 1871 she took the role of Cleopatra at the Broadway Theatre, to the Antony of Frederick Wanle. Among her principal later pari- were Nancy Sykes in Oliver Tmst, Gervaise in Drink, Ophelia to the Hamlet of E. L. Davenport, and Desdemona with James Y. Wallack as Othello and Davenport as Iago. Her literary works in- clude adaptations of Dickens's Oliver Twist and Vombey and Son, and Browning's ('ulombe's Birthday, and her own personal Recollections, published serially. Consult Clapp and Edgett, Players of the Present (Dunlap Society, New York. 1899). EYUK, a-yook', or TJYTJK, uo-yook'. A village in Asia Minor, built upon the small plateau of a hill, 75 miles west-southwest of Amasia. It, has only about thirty houses, but is important as containing some of the most remarkable ruins in the East. They are the remains of a palaee of enormous extent, and consist of colossal walls and blocks of granite contain- ing a great variety of sculptures, chiefly gods, processions, and religious rites, many of which are in an admirable state of preservation. The building is one of the most significant monu- ments left by the Hittites, whose art and archi- tecture as illustrated in the case of the palace nt Eyuk are chiefly derived from Assyria, though betraying Egyptian influences. (See Hittites.) Consult Perrol and Chipiez, History of Art in Sardinia, Judcea, Syria, and Asia Minor, Eng. trans. (New York, 1890). EYZAGUIKRE, a'e-tha-ge'ra, Agustin (1766- 1837). A Chilean statesman. He was one of the principal leaders in the movement for na- tional independence in 1S10, and in 1813 was a member of the first National Junta. He was taken prisoner by the Spaniards at the battle of Raneagua in October, 1814, and was imprisoned on the island of Juan Fernandez for three years. He was subsequently engaged in an enterprise for the establishment of trade between Chile and India. On the downfall of the O'Higgins Admin- istration in 1823 he was elected President of the Provisional Junta, and soon afterwards was elected to the office of Vice-President. On the resignation of President. Freire (September 10, 18211), he became Acting President, and retained this position until January, 1827, when he was deposed by a military mutiny. EZE'KIEL (Heb., Teheeqel, God makes strong). One of the four 'greater' prophets. He was the son of the priest Buzi, a member of the Zadokite clan, which toward the close of the seventh century B.C. began to obtain complete con- trol of the Yanweh cult in Jerusalem. He prob- ably spent his youth in the temple at Jerusalem until the year n.c. 597, when, with Jehoiachin, King of Judah, and a large number of the people, he was carried captive to Babylonia by order of Nebuchadnezzar. There the Jews formed a sepa- rate community under the government of elders and engaged in agriculture. They probably paid a tax to the Government, but in other ways were left unmolested. Ezekiel settled at Tel-Abib on the banks of the river Chebar, and probably ap- peared as a prophet about the year B.C. 592, when he was apparently about 32 years of age. His prophet ic i i nded over a period of alioul twenty years. The date of hi- death is not recordi d. Ezekiel's life was short, ae is evidenced by bis book: but lie (pent iii- daj - in comforting and en- couraging his people, while endeavoring to open their eyes to the real significance ol current events, and particularly of the national catastro- phe with the resultant captivity of the people Respected by the people, his influence wa pro- found, though his task was a difficult one in rousing the masses, who were indifferent to the religious aspects of the situation. Ezekiel was essentially a priest. His interest is largely in matters connected with the ritual, but he also possesses the traits of a prophet. His imagina- tion is impetuous, and features of his discoui are the visions, parables, and allegories with which they are filled. His style, while vigorous, lacks simplicity, and, on the whole, his moral tone, while strong, is also severe. He is a par- ticularly interesting figure as representing the transition from the prophetic to the priestly period. His elaborate programme for the cult foreshadows the post-exilic history of Judaism which centres around the observance of the minu- tiae of religious ceremonialism. See Kzia.ui., Book of. EZEKIEL, Book of. The third of the so- called greater prophets. While the prophecies of kiel have come down to us, as concerns the subject-matter, substantially in the form in which the prophet himself left them (though doubts have recently been cast on this point) , the Hebrew text is full of errors, containing addi- tions by scribes, and changes which indicate that a revision was made subsequent to the prophet's death, or possibly several changes. By means of the Septuagint translation, which is based on a text varying considerably from the Hebrew, many of the original readings can be restored, and the Hebrew text otherwise improved. The book, consisting of forty-eight chapters, may be divided into four sections, the contents of which may be summarized as follows: Part i. (chs. i.-xxiv. ) consists of an introduc- tion reciting the vision of Jehovah seated on a celestial chariot-throne supported and set in mo- tion by four creatures, each having four wings and four faces, viz. man. lion, ox, eagle. (See Cherub.) From the mouth of Jehovah, Ezekiel receives his call to the prophetic office, his com- mission to act as a guide to Israel. There fol- low prophecies against the people of Israel (chs. iv.-xxiv. ), subdivided into eighteen section-. (1) The siege of Jerusalem, represented by a picture drawn on a tablet; the prolonged transgressions of the people; and the hardships they should suffer, by the eating of a coarse and loathsome bread. (2) Judgments on the city by famine, war. and dispersion abroad, signified by hair and beard cut off. weighed, scattered, and burned. (3) Judgments against idolatry, with a promise that a remnant should be saved. (4 1 Captivity, inevitable and severe, under the em- blem of a chain. (51 Transgressions of Judah. represented by the image of jealousy, and conse- quent judgments, typified by the scattering of fire, and the departure of the shekinah. (fi) The captivity of Zedekiah, represented by the re-
