FARLEY. it; i FARM BUILDINGS. FAR'LEY, John Mukpht (1842—). An American Roman Catholic prelate, born at New- ton Hamilton, Ireland. He came to America after His education had begun, was a student in the provincial seminary at Troy, and completed his theological studies at the American College in Rome. Here he was ordained in 1870, and two years later, after a short pastorate in Btaten Island, he became secretary to Cardinal McCloskey. His abilities, especially as an or- ganizer, were so highly regarded in Rome that he was unanimously chosen rector of the American College; but the Cardinal, who was then near his end, refused to pari with him, recommending him, however, to the Pope for the honorary ap- pointment of private chamberlain. In 1891 he became Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of New York, and in 1895 he was further honored by the appointment of prothonotary apostolic. Soon af- terwards, when the growth of the archdiocese re- quired the appointment of an assistant bishop, he was chosen for the position. Early in 1902. when the Archbishop desired to have a coadjutor with right of succession, instead of an auxiliary bishop, Monsignor Farley's name was mentioned, and in all probability he would have been ap- pointed had not the Archbishop's death rendered necessary the appointment of a successor instead of a coadjutor. Again he was the unanimous choice, being mentioned first in the lists alike of the clergy of the diocese, the bishops of the provinces, and the archbishops of the United States. His official appointment to the see fol- lowed in October of the same year, being regarded as a promise of continuity in administration, since in the last years of his predecessor the practical work of the archdiocese had been largely in his hands. FAR'LOW, William Gilson (1844—). An American botanist. He was born in Boston; studied at Harvard and in Europe, and was adjunct professor of botany at Harvard from 1874 to 1879, when he became professor of crypto- gamic botany there. Among his publications are: The Gymnosporangia or Cedar-Apples of the United States (1880) -/Marine Algce of New Eng- land (1881); and A Provisional Host-Index of the Fungi of the United States (18S8). FAR'MAN, Elbekt Eli (1831 — ). An Ameri- can jurist and diplomat. He was born at New Haven, Oswego County, N. Y., and was educated at Amherst College, and in Europe. He was consul-general at Cairo, Egypt, from 1876 to 1881, and a judge of the mixed tribunal from 1881 to 1884. in which capacity he displayed ex- ceptional ability, and earnestly though unsuc- cessfully endeavored to secure the abolition of slavery. It was he who arranged the transfer of the famous obelisk known as "Cleopatra's Needle" (now in Central Park, New York) to America in 1879. FARM BUILDINGS. The various buildings necessary for the occupation and operation of a farm are collectively known in England as the homestead, in Scotland as the onstead or stead- ing, in America as the homestead or farmstead. They include the farmhouse with its attendant buildings providing accommodations for the farmer and his family and the farm laborers, and the barn and its attendant buildings pro- viding for the storage and preparation for use of the farm products, storage of farm implements and machinery, the housing and care of stock, etc. Convenient, commodious. well constructed and well-arranged farm buildings for these pur- poses arc essential to successful farming, both iroin the standpoint of the comfort and happiness of I lie farmer and from thai of the proper care oi iir live stock, products, and equipment of the farm. For example, it is a generally recognized fact that well-housed animals thrive better and make a better return for the food consumed than those' unduly exposed to cold and inclement weather, i.e. it is profitable as well as humane to Louse stock well. The character of farm buildings will of course vary with the size of the farm and the Bystem of fanning practiced, whether grain, truck, or fruit farming, stock raising, dairying, poultry raising, etc. The requirements as regards such buildings have undergone and are undergoing great changes due to improvements of all kinds — the increased use of faun machinery, the keeping of more and Letter stock, superior methods of preparing and using feeding stuffs, etc. The most marked re- sult of this change is seen in the tendency to make the homestead more compact, to reduce the number of separate buildings, and provide for a greater variety of purposes in a few larger buildings, as explained under Bakn. The char- acter of modern agriculture is such that farm buildings are becoming as complex in design and varied in use as factories, and indeed, in a sense, they are factories for the manufacture of mar- ketable products — meat, milk, etc. The old practice of providing 20 or more separate build- ings and scattering them over the farm is both inconvenient and expensive. The labor of col- lecting the crops in one place is less than is in- volved in passing from place to place to feed them out. The extent to which centralization is desirable, however, will depend largely upon the size of the farm. In case of very large farms, for instance, it may be of decided advantage to scatter the farm buildings somewhat. The dan- ger of serious loss by lire is increased when the buildings are compactly grouped, but this is largely met by insurance against fire. It is not considered advisable to place the barn and out- buildings so near the farm house that fire in case of one necessarily endangers the other or the odors of the barnyard are offensive to the occu- pants of the house. However, it is important as a rule that the farm house should be located within a convenient distance of the barn, al- though not so near as to seem a part of the out- buildings. The homestead should be centrally located on the farm, in communication with as many fields as possible, and where an abundant supply of good water, good drainage, and plenty of light and air can be secured without unneces- sary exposure to unfavorable weather conditions. Three essentials to be considered in the con- struction of the ordinary farm bouse are comfort, convenience, and economy. It is hardly neces- sary to add that it is also important that the house should be attractive in appearance, with sanitary and pleasant surroundings. It should be planned with reference to future needs as well as present requirements, and so designed that it may be enlarged without impairing its symmetry of proportions or convenience of arrangement. Having decided upon the general features which the house nii-t possess, it is as a rule best to employ a competent architect or builder to plan
