FARNESE. 466 FAENHAM. mnnds, The Renaissance in Italy (7 vols., Lon- don. 1875-86) : Gregorovius. Gesehichte der Stadt Rom (Stuttgart. 1886-96; Eng. trans., Lon- don, 1894-1900) ; also the works of Muratori and of the Italian biographer Strada. For Ales- sandro Farnese. the accounts given in Mot- ley, Rise of the Dutch Republic, and id., The United Netherlands; Blok, Geschiednis von het nederlandsche Yolk (Griiningen, 1892-99; Eng. trans.. New York, 1898-1900) ; Pietro, Alessan- dro Farnese, duca di Parma (Rome, 1886) ; and Gachard. Correspondance d' Alexandre Farnese avec Philippe II., 1578-79 (Brussels, 1853). For the history of the dukes or princes of Parma: Scarabelii, Storia civile dei ducati di Parma (Piacenza, 1858) ; Pezzano, Storia delta citta di Parma (Parma, 1837-59). For Elizabeth Far- nese: Armstrong, Elizabeth Farnese, the Terma- gant of Spain (London, 1892). FARNESE BACCHUS. A fine torso of Bac- chus in the National Museum at Naples, a Greek work dating from the fourth century B.C. FARNESE HERCULES. A statue of Her- cules, which is now in the Naples Museum. It got its name from the Farnese family, in whose possession it was for some time after its excava- tion at the Baths of Caracalla. It dates from the age of Hadrian, and is probably an imitation, by the Athenian sculptor Glycon, of one of the bronzes by Lysippus. The statue shows Hercules leaning on his club in an attitude of exhaustion, and holding the apples of the Hesperides behind him in his right hand. The muscles of the back and arms are enormous; the legs are too long, and the head unduly small, the whole effect of the statue being one of exaggeration, by which the sculptor evidently intended to emphasize the hero's semi-godlike character. FARNESE HOMER. A beautiful bust in the National Museum at Naples, the finest of the ideal representations of the poet. FARNESE JUNO. A colossal head of Hera in the National Museum at Naples, a replica of a bronze original. The expression is austere and majestic. The head surpasses all like con- ceptions of the goddess, and gives a clear idea of the ideal of Polyclitus. FARNESE MINERVA. An archaic Greek statue of Pallas Athene, found at Velletri, now in the National Museum at Naples. The statue resembles that of the Parthenon. It is partially restored. FARNESIAN BULL. A group of statuary by the Rhodian sculptors Apollonius and Tau- riscus, which is now in the museum at Naples, The subject is based on the legend which tells how Antiope, a slave of Diree, was to be bound to the horns of a wild bull by order of her mis- tress. She Bed to her sons, who seized Dirce her- self and bound her to the bull. The arrangement of the group Bhows Zethus and Amphion, the sons, binding the wild null, while Dirce throws herself forward entreating mercy, and Antiope stands motionless in the background. The statue was taken from Rhodes to Rome; was there lost for several centuries, then found in the Baths of i iracalla, and senl in 1786 from the Farnese Palace to the Museum at Naples. FARNHAM, farn'am. A market town of Sur- rey. England, on the Wcy. hi miles west-south i of Guilford (Map: England, F 5). The principal feature is the stately old castle of the Bishops of Winchester, first built by Henri de Blois, Bishop of Winchester, brother of King Stephen. The castle was razed by Henry III., rebuilt and garrisoned by Charles I., and restored in 1684 to its present state by Bishop Morley. A new town-hall was erected in 1666. Some parts of the Gothic parish church were built in the twelfth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. The edifice was originally a cnapel of ease to Waver- ley Abbey, founded in 1128, 10 miles east-south- east of Farnham. whose picturesque remains are said to have suggested to Sir Walter Scott the name of his first novel. The town owns its water- works and electric-lighting plant. The chief trade is in hops, a very fine variety of which is grown in the vicinity. William Cobbett was born and buried here. The vicinity of Aldershot Camp, six miles to the north of Farnham, has increased the activity of the town. Farnham has belonged to the bishops of Winchester since Ethelbald of Wessex bestowed it on them in 860. Population, in 1891, 5545; in 1901, 6124. FARNHAM, or West Farnham. A town of Missisquoi County, Canada, at the confluence of the two main branches of the Yamaska River, 35 miles southeast of Montreal. It is an im- portant railway and manufacturing centre. The Canadian Pacific Railway forms a junction here with various branch lines. It has fine public buildings, including a spacious railway depot, carries on beet-sugar industries, and a consider- able agricultural trade. The United States is represented by a consular agent. Population, in 1891, 2822; in 1901, 3114. FARNHAM, Eliza Woodson Buriians (1815-64). An American philanthropist and au- thor. She was born in Rensselaerville, N. Y., and married Thomas Jefferson Farnham, the traveler. From 1844 to 1848 she was matron of the Sing Sing State prison. While there she sought, with much success, to prove it possible to govern such an institution bv kindness only. She published Life in Prairie Land (1846). * In 1848 she was connected with the management of the Boston Institution for the Blind, and some years later organized a society to aid and protect destitute women in emigration to the West. Her further publications include: California Indoor and Out: or, How We Form, Mine, and Live Generally in the Golden State (1856), and her most impor- tant work, Woman and Her Era (18G4). FARNHAM, Ralph (1756-1861). A soldier in the American Revolution, and the last sur- vivor of the battle of Bunker Hill. lie was born in Lebanon, in what was then the district of Maine, and was the first white settler at Ac ton, Maine, where he died. In October. 1860, he was invited to Boston, where a public concert, was given in his honor in Tremont Temple. He lived one hundred and four years, nine months, and nineteen days. FARNHAM, RoswEIA( 1827-1903). An > ican lawyer ami governor. He was born in Bos ion. Mass., and was educated at the University of Vermont, where he graduated in 1849. Hi taughl school for several years, studied law. and was admitted to the bar "in 1869. After serving in the Civil War as captain and colonel in a Vermont regiment, he became a member of the state Senate in 1868 lie was Governor of Ver- mont from 1880 to 1882.
