FARREN. 470 FASCIATION. personal svmpathy, which showed itself as well in private life. Though in his later years upon the stage, he was in feeble health, his success in his familiar characters seems to have been but increased. His Grandfather Whitehead was one of the parts for which his own advance in age as well as the practice of his art contributed to fit him. His sons, Henry (c.1826-60) and William, often referred to as Young Farren, both became well-known actors. Consult: Lewes, On Actors and the Art of Acting (New York, 1878) ; Cook. Hours with the Players (London, 1881); and Marston, Our Recent Actors (Lon- don, 1890). FARTtER, Henry (1844-1903). An American painter and etcher, born in London, and a grand- son of Thomas Farrer, the miniature painter. He was self-taught. He came to America in 1861, and first devoted himself to marine and landscape painting in water-color. But he is better known by his etchings. The best of these are views about New York Harbor, in which his treatment of sky is very successful. His brother Thomas Charles (e.1838 — ), an English architectural and landscape painter, was born in London and studied in Ruskin's free school. He spent some time in the L'nited States, and was one of the first members of the American Water Color Society. Afterwards he settled in London. FARRIER ( obsolete ferrier, from OF. ferrier, from Lat. ferrarius, blacksmith, from ferrum, iron). One whose occupation is that of shoeing horses. In former times he often acted as veter- inary surgeon as well as blacksmith. His voca- tion is one of the 'common callings,' and subjects him to the common-law obligation of practicing his art on demand and of showing ordinary skill in it. For failure to discharge this obligation he is liable to an action for damages. He has at the common law a right of lien for labor done or expenses bestowed upon an animal. FARSAN (far-san') ISLANDS. A group of islands in the southeastern part of the Red Sea about 35 miles off the west coast of Yemen, in latitude 16° 30' to 17° N. and longitude 41° 45' to 42° 10' E. (Map: Asia, D 7). They comprise the two larger islands of Farsan Seghir, 18 miles long, and Farsan Kebir. 25 miles long, with a number of islets and reefs. 'I hey are centres of important pearl and coral fisheries. On one of the islands there is a coaling station belonging to Germany. FARSISTAN, far'se-slan', or FARS, tars (Pers., Land of the Persians, anciently Persis). A province of Persia, situated along the cast shore of the Persian Gulf (Map: Persia, D 5). The surface rises graduallv from the coast to an elevation of from 2000 to 3000 feet. The valleys iii the interior are well watered and exceedingly fertile. Kast of this hilly district, in the midst of a Hat. sandy region, lies the large Ball lake Bakhtegan. The chief river* are the Send Rud, Mand, and Bendemir. The climate is not an healthful, except along the coast, where it is very hoi in the summer. The province produces tobac- co, wine, rice, dates, opium. linen, cotton, silk. cochineal, and roses for the manufacture of attar. The principal towns are Shiraz, the capital, and Mm li.hr. the principal port. About thirty miles norih of Shiraz lie the ruins of the ancient city of Persepolis. The natives arc dolichocephalic, and represent one of the best preserved types of the Aryan of the Iranian plateau, being fairer- skinned and more finely formed than the popula- tion generally. See Persia, section Ethnology. FARTJKHABAD, fur'ruk-ha-bad', or FTJR- RTJCKABAD. A city of the Northwest Prov- inces, British India, 87 miles northwest of Cawn- pore by rail (Map: India, C 3). It stands near the right bank of the Ganges and is a handsome, cleanly place. 570 feet above the level of the sea, with a considerable trade. It is the capital of the district of Farukhabad, although the manu- facturing and military cantonment of Fathigarh, three miles east, which is joined to its munici- pality, is frequently so designated. Population, in 1891, 78,000; in 1901, 62,900. FASANO, fa-sii'nd. A city in South Italy, near the Adriatic, 45 miles northwest of Brin- disi (Map: Italy, M 7). The city hall is a former palace, with a handsome loggia (1509) of the Knights of Saint John. Two miles north of Fasano, which markets wine and oil, are the ruins of Egnatia, in Roman days a prosperous port, because the Appian Way touched the sea here. The ancient walls have been nearly all used by the peasants as material for the cottages of the modern Anazzo, and the wealth of vases, jewelry, coins, etc., has gone to stock museums elsewhere. Population of commune, in 1881, 17,012; in 1901, 16,848. FASCES, fas'sez (Lat., bundles). Bundles of rods usually made of birch, but sometimes of elm, with an axe projecting from the middle of them, which were carried before the chief magistrates of ancient Rome as symbols of their power over life and limb. They were borne by the lictors, at first before the kings ; in the time of the Republic, before consuls and praetors; and afterwards be- fore the emperors. Their number varied, a con- sul having twelve, and a prator six, but within the city only two. Valerius Publicola introduced a law that within the city the axe be with- drawn, except in the case of a dictator, who was preceded by twenty-four lictors. bearing as many fasces. Publicola also required that the fasces be lowered at the assemblies of the people, as an acknowledgment of their supreme power. FASCH, fash, Karl Friedrich Christian ( 1736-1800). A German musician, important as having been the founder of the Berliner Sing- akademie. He was born at Zerbst, where his father was Court kapellmeister. He developed early considerable musical ability, and in 1756 became cembalist to Frederick the Great at Ber- lin. From 1774 to 17"ti he was kapellmeister of the opera in Berlin, but after that he retired and devoted himself to composition. His Church music »as published in six volumes (1839), and a biography of Fasch was written (1801) by his successor Zolter. For the history of the Sing- akademie, see Choral Societies. FASCIA, fashl-a (Lat.. fillet). In architec- ture, a Hat space or band, like a broad ribbon, wider than a fillet (q.v.t. This name is given to the divisions of the Ionic architraves, anil archi- traves are called single, double, or triple fascial architraves, according to the number of fascia; into which they are divided. FASCIATION (Neo-Lat. fasciatio, from Lat. fascia, fillet i. A deformity of plants, common in shoots, which become several times as broad a*
