FAUCHER. 483 FAULT. FAUCHER, Leon (1803-54). A French pub- licist and political economist. He was born at Limoges, and was educated ;i( Toulon and Paris. jlc became editor in chief of the Temps, Courrii r ,h Paris, and Constilutionnel, was ■ of the principal advocates of free trade, and n frequent writer on economics in the SiccL and the Reum ies Deux blondes. After the Revolution of 1848 he was elected to the Legislature, and upon the election of Louis Napoleon to the Presidency was appointed .Minister of Public Works (December l'ii, Isis), mid si... n afterwards Minister of the Interior, as successor to L6on de Maleville. He retired from public life in 1851. A collection of Ids valuable economic works is included in the Uc'langes d'economie ei de finance, published by the economist YVolowski, Faucher's brother-in- law (1856). FAUCHER DE SAINT-MAURICE, fo'sluV dc sax' mij'res'. Narcisse Henri Euouard ( 1S44- 97). A French-Canadian journalist and author. He was born at Beaumont, Bellechasse, in the Province of Quebec: was educated at the semi- nary there and at the College of Sainte Anne de la PocatiSre, and in 1864 went to Mexico, where he became captain in the army of Maximilian and afterwards aide-de-camp to Gen. Viscount d'Hur- bal. For valor and integrity he was created a knight of the Imperial Order of Guadeloupe by Maximilian, and was given the medal of the Mexican campaign by Napoleon III. Returning tn Quebec in 1866. he was appointed clerk of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec — a post which he held for fourteen years. As editor of he Journal de <tu- her ( 1SS3). and subsequent- ly of he Canadien, he had a brilliant career in journalism. For his services to France in the Canadian press, he was created a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor (1881). In general litera- ture, Faucher is liest known for his sympathetic descriptions of historical places along the Saint Lawrence. Among his separate publications are: A la Brunante, contes ei ricits (1874) ; De Que- bec a Mexico (1874) : Choses ei autres (1874) : De Tribord a Babord (1877) ; Promenades dans le golfe Saint-Laurent (1870); and En route (lsss). FAUCIT, fa'slt, Helen (1820-98). An Eng- lish actress, born in London. She was the daugh- ter of an actor, John Saville Faucit, and made her debut at Covent Garden. London, January 5, 1836, as Julia in The Hunchback, winning at once a great reputation. She became the leading lady in Macready's Shakespearean revivals, and was also the original impersonator of the heroines in Bulwer's, Browning's, and other modern plays. After her marriage in 1851 to Theodore Martin, afterwards Sir Theodore, she continued occasion- ally to appear on the stage, though later than 1864 she rarely did so except for a charitable object. One of her Inst appearances was as Beatrice at the opening of the Shakespeare Me- morial Theatre at Stratford in April. 1879. She was the friend of many noted people and a reader to Queen Victoria. In 1887 she published On Some of the Female Characters of Shakespeare. Her death occurred near Llangollen. Wales. Consult Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United State*, edited by Matthews and Ilntton (Xew York, 1886). FAUJAS DE SAINT-FOND, fo'zha' de san'- fon', Hartiiei.emy (1741-1819). A French geolo- gist ami paleontologist, born at MontGlimart. As an expert geologist he was sent a commissioner of the King on extensive travels for the purp oi making an especial stud} oi th< products and phenomena connected with volcanoes. He professor of geology at the Museum oi Natural History. Paris, from 1793 to 1818. His worl include: Recherches sur la pouzzolane (1778); Reoherohes sur les oolcans itevnts </» I voarais ei tin Velay (1778), in which be formulates a new volcanic theory; Mincralogie dux roleans (I7S4) ; Voyagt en Ingleterre, en Ecosse ei aunt Hebrides i 1797 ; Eng. trans, by the author. 1799 i - FAULKNER, lak'ner. CHARLES James I L806 84). All American lawyer and politician. lie was born in Martinsburg, Va. (now West Vir- ginia); was educated at Georgetown I diversity, and was admitted to the bar in 1829. In 1832 he was elected to the Lower House of the Virginia Legislature. In 1848 he introduced in the Vir- ginia House of Delegate- a law alter which the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was modeled. From 1851 to 1859 he was a member of Congress from Virginia. In 1859 he was appointed by President Buchanan Minister to France, where his action in influencing Louis Napoleon to favor the Con- federacy led to his recall by President Lincoln in 1861. Upon his return to the United States he was arrested and confined in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor. When released he went south and served in the Confederate Army on the staff of 'Stonewall' Jackson. After his political dis- abilities were removed, in 1872. he was a mem- ber of the Slate Constitutional Convention in West Virginia in that year, and was again a member of Congress from 1874 to 1877. FAULKNER, John Alfred (1857—). A Methodist Church historian. He was horn at Grand Pre. Nova Scotia, graduated at Acadia College. 1878, at Drew Theological Seminary. 1881, studied at Andover and Leipzig, and after service in the pastorate, became professor of church history at Drew in 1897. He has written many papers upon Church history for the re- views, and was a contributor to Hurst's History of the Christian Church (New York, 1897-19091. FAULKNER'S ISLAND. An island in Long Island Sound, about five miles southeast of Guil- ford, Conn. (Map: Connecticut, E 5). It has a lighthouse and a fog-bell. FAULMANN, foul'man, Karl (1835-94). An Austrian stenographer and author, born at Halle, Germany. He taught the Gabelsberger system from 1860, was appointed professor in 1884, edited several stenographic journals, and invented a system of phonography (published by Brant in 1875). Based upon a radical reform of the Gabelsberger system, it is easy of compre- hension, but less pliable and characteristic than the system it aims to supplant. It has been adapted to the French, Czech, and Servian lan- guages. The principal works of Faulmann are the following: Lehrgebay.de (35th ed. 1899); Anleitung vu,r phonetischen Stenographie (6th ed. 1896); Die Phonographic in ihrem Ver- hiiltnis ~ur Kurrentsehrift and SI, nographie (1878) ; Das Buch der Sehrift (2d ed. 1880). FAULT (OF.. Fr. faute. Sp., Port.. It. falta, flaw, from Lat. fallere, to deceive. Gk. <rcf>a.Xeii>, sphallein, to slip. Skt. phal, to deceive. Lith. pulti, OHG. fallan, Ger. fatten. Icel. valla, AS. feallan,
