from the bottom of grain-stacks, where they do great damage. FER'REX AND POR'REX. See Gobboduc. FERRI, fer're, Ciuo (1634-89). An Kalian painter, born in Rome. He a~ the pupil of Pietro da Cortona, and so imitative of thai mas- ter thai it is difficult to distinguish their pic- tures. After the death of Pietro he completed the hitter's unfinished works, notably the frescoes in the Pitti Palace at Florence. Ferri's principal works are the frescoes of biblical subjects in Santa Vfaria Maggiore at Bergamo and the frescoes in the cupola of Sant' Agnese, Home. Among his easel-pictures are: "The Repose in Egypt ;" "Madonna" (Munich); "The Triumph of Bac- chus" (Hampton Court): "Chris! Appearing to Mary Magdalen" (Vienna) : "Alexander Reading Homer;" his own portrait; and "Christ on the Cross" (in the Uffizi Gallery, at Florence). He is also known by some skillful miniature draw- ings for religious works of the time. FERRI, Enrico (1856—). An Italian crim- inologist, born at San Benedetto-Po, Mantua. He studied at Bologna, Pisa, and Paris, lectured at various Italian universities, latterly practic- ing law at Rome. Since 1886 he has been a Socialist member of the Chamber of Deputies. His publications include: ftociologie criminelle (1893; published in Eng. trans, as Criminal Sociology, New York, 1896, in the Criminology Scries) ; La seuola positiva di diritto criminate (1SS3) ; Difese penali e studi di giurisprudenza (1808) ; and Deliquenti nell' arte (1901). FERRI, l.rioi (1826-95). An Italian phi- losopher, born at Bologna. He was educated in France, and taught in several of the French colleges before he settled in his native country. After occupying the chair of philosophy and history at the Institute of Florence (1863) , he was called to the same position at the University of Rome (1871). While there he became corre- sponding member of the Institute of France and editor of Rirista italiana di filosofia. His works include: II genio d'Aristotele (1866): II senso commune nella filosofia (1872) ; La psicologia di Pietro Pompanazzi (1877). In French he wrote: Essai sur I'histoire de la philosophie en Italie au XlXeme siecle (1869) and La psychologic de Fassociation depuis Hobbes jusqu'a nos jours (1S83). He represented in philosophy a spirit- ualism akin to Cousin's, whose pupil he was. FERRIC OXIDE, or Sesquioxide of Iron. See Iron ; Hematite. FER'RICY'ANIDE OF POTAS'SITJM. See Hydro-Ferricyanic Acid. FER'RIER, David (1843—). A Scottish neu- rologist. He was born in Aberdeen. Scotland ; studied at Aberdeen and Edinburgh in Scotland, and at Heidelberg in Germany, and was appointed professor of neuro-pathology in King's College, London, in 1872. He also became physician in the Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis. His researches on the functions and the diseases of the brain have formed contributions of the high- est importance to the science of medicine. He published: The Functions of the Brain (1876), and Cerebral Localization (1878), and was also a founder and an editor of Brain: A Journal of Neurology. FERRIER, James Frederick (1808-64). A Scotch metaphysician, born in Edinburgh. He graduated ai Oxford in 1831, was elected to the chair of civil history in the i Diversity of Edinburgh in 1842, and to thai of moral phi- losophy and polii ical economy in the i Di- versity of Saint Andrews in 1st;,. ,< ing to Kernel's 'theory of knowing and being,' the ego enters as an essential constituent into every conception thai the mind is capable of forming. The connection between the con eeiving conscious mind and conceivable being is intimate and indissoluble. To be know- able, object musl coexist with subject, and it i fallacious to speak even of our ignorana of •matter per Be;' for while we may be ignorant of what could possibly be known. 'wo cannot be ignorant of what is absolutely unknowable — whal is neither an entity nor a non-entity — the material world by itself. Kernel's works in- clude the Institutes of Metaphysio (1854) and Lectures on tln-i-l; Philosophy and Other Pliilo- sophical Remains of J. F. Ferrier, published posthumously (1866). FERRIER, far'ya', Joseph Marie AuQUSTTJS Gabriel (1847—). A French painter, born at Ximes. He studied under Pils, Lecoq de Bois- baudran, and llebcrt, and won the Prix de Rome in 1872. In 1878 his "Saint Agnes" mow in the Rouen Museum) obtained a first-class medal at the Paris Exposition, and in 1889 bis "Moth- ers Cursing War" received the same honor. He was awarded the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1S84. His drawing is excellent and his han- dling free and vigorous. His other works in- clude: "Spring" (1881); a portrait of Claudius Popelin (1881); and "The Pipe - Smokers" (1887). FER'RIER, Susan Edmonstone (1782-1854). A Scotch novelist. She was born in Edinburgh. Her first work. Marriage, appeared in 1818, and this was followed by The Inheritance (1824) and Destiny (1831).' The merit of these tales, which are characterized by genial wit, a quick sense of the ludicrous., and considerable ability in the delineation of national peculiarities, is sufficiently proved by the fact that they have held their ground, notwithstanding the enormous number of novels which have flowed from the press since their publication. Her novels were edited by Johnson (London. 1803 1. Consult her Memoirs ami Correspondence, edited by Dovle (London. 1898) . FERRIERES, far'ryar'. A village in the De- partment of Seine-et-Marne, France. 17 miles southeast of Paris. It has an interesting thir- teenth-century church, but is chiefly famous for the splendid chateau in modern Renaissance, which was the headquarters of King William of Prussia from September 19 to October 5, 1870, and in which Jules Favre unsuccessfully attempt- ed to negotiate an armistice with Prince Bis- marck. The chateau is the property of the Rothschild family. Population, in 1901, 961.
FER′RIS, Albert Warren (1856—). An American physician and educator, born in Brooklyn, N. Y. He graduated at New York University in 1878, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1882. From 1883 to 1885 he was interne in the King's County Hospital, Flatbush, L. I.; from 1885 to 1891 resident and assistant physician in Sanford Hall, a private establishment for the treatment of insane and nervous patients at Flushing, N. Y., and in 1891 began
