FIELD. 584 FIELD. civil 3ode, which were finished and reported in 187.3. but which, owing to the bitter opposition of the bar of the State, and especially of New York City, lias never been adopted by the State of New York, though the civil and penal codes were passed by the two Houses, almost unanimously, in 1879, and failed only for want of the Gov- ernor's signature to become the law of the State. They have been of great service, however, in the legislation of these States, especially in Cali- fornia and Dakota, where they were adopted with a few alterations that were necessary in order to adapt them to local conditions. lint Mr. Field's interest in reform was not confined to the civil or municipal law, but em- braced the widest field of international rela- tions. In 1866 the British Association for the Promotion of Social Science held a meeting at Manchester, at which Mr. Field made a proposal for a general revision and reform of the law of nations, similar to that aimed at in his labors for the reform of the civil and criminal law. Acting on his proposal, he completed in 1873 a work entitled Outlines of an International Code, which he presented to the social science congress of that year, and which met with very favorable criticism from eminent jurists all over the world. In 1873 he was elected first president of an association for the reform and codification of the law of nations, formed at Brussels in that year. Mr. Field was a lifelong Democrat in his po- litical convictions, but belonged to the 'Free-Soil' and anti-slavery wing of that party before the Rebellion, and during the war was a stanch sup- porter of the Administration of Lincoln. The only party ollice ever held by him was that of Con- gressman, which he occupied by appointment for a short time in 1870 to fill a vacancy. Though distinguished in many ways, . his fame rests chiefly on his achievements as a law reformer, in which field of high and disinterested service he occupies a foremost place. Many of his prin- cipal papers on law reform are included in his Speeches, Arguments, ami Miscellaneous Papers i New York, '1884-90). FIELD, Eugene (1850-95). An American poet and journalist, born in Saint Louis, Mo. During several years of his childhood he lived in Massachusetts and Vermont, and, though he com- pleted his collegiate education in Missouri, he showed in his work traces of New England and WCstern elements which co-existed rather than blended in his nature. At twenty-three he began newspaper work, and ten years afterwards hi' be- came associated with the Chicago Daily News, with which he was for twelve years identified through his column "Sharps and Flats." Far the largest part of his literary production first, ap- peared here. It is of varied manner and quality, prove Mi,,] verve, detached paragraphs and con- tinued narratives, by turns quaint, grotesque, delicate, Kabclaisian. farcical, and pathetic, lie seemed to have equal sympathy with the wild life of the prairie and with classic- culture, for irresponsible Bohemian life and quiet domestic felicities, lie is probably must widely known as a poei of childhood, but mosi admired as a larly humorist. T I i — firs! publication, The />■ I i Prim< r | 1882 i . is one of the cherished rarities of the book collector. Cul- inn' Garden (1887) contains clever skits al the pretense of culture. A Little Book of Western Verst (1889) and A Little Book o Profitable Tales (1889) are characteristic of his best orig- inal literary achievement. Echoes from a Sabine i'n nn (1895) show how fully he had absorbed the spirit of the Roman Horace. Thi Love Af- l<iirs of a Bibliomaniac contains his most delicate- ly humorous essays; With Trumpet and Drum (1S92), his best verses for children. The post humously published The Bouse (1890), and Sharps and Flats (2 vols., 1900), add nothing to his reputation. Consult Thompson, Eugene Field, a Slittli/ in Heredity and Contradictions (2 vols., New York, 1901). FIELD, Frederick (1801-85). An English clergyman, born in London. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1823, and was rector of Reepharn, Norfolk, from 1842 to 1863. He edited the Greek text of Saint Chrysostom's Homilies on Saint Matthew (1839) ; Saint Chrys- ostom's Interpretation of the Pauline Ljii^llrs (7 vols., in Bibliotheca Patrum, 1845-62); the Septuagint version of the Old Testament, accord- ing to the Alexandrian codex (subsequently re- vised and rearranged for the Foreign Translation Committee of the Society for Promoting Chris- tian Knowledge) ; and Origen's Hexapla (2 vols., 1867-75). FIELD, Henry Martyn (1822—). An Ameri- can clergyman, editor, and author, born at Stock- bridge, Mass., a son of Rev. David Dudley Field and brother of the jurist of that name, as well as of Justice Stephen J. Field and Cyrus W. Field. He graduated at Williams (1838), stud- ied theology, and from 1842 to 1847 was pastor of a church in Saint Louis. Then, after three years of European travel, he became pastor of a church in West Springfield, Mass. (1851-54). After this he took up his residence in New York as editor and later, till 1890, as sole proprietor of the Evangelist, an influential Presbyterian paper, visiting Europe frequently, and making a tour of the world in 1877. His numerous vol- umes are chiefly stories of travel. Of these From the Lakes of Killarney to the Oolden Horn (1876); On the Desert (1883) ; and Old Spain ami New Spain (1888) are sufficiently typical. He also wrote a life of his brother, David Dudley Field, and miscellaneous books. FIELD, John (1782-1837). An English com poser, born in Dublin. He was the immediate pre- cursor and probable model of Chopin and the modern school of pianoforte composition. Field came of musical stock. His father was a violin- ist and his grandfather, of whom he took his first lessons, an organist. Subsequently, when the family removed to London, he was appren- ticed to dementi, who then had a pianoforte busi- ness and who. recognizing the youth's remarkable gifts, taught him. and employed him to show off pianofortes to customers. With dementi he went in 1802 on an extended concert tour, visit- ing Paris. Germany, and Russia, where his piano folic playing was greatly admired. On a second visit, to Saint Petersburg in 1801 he remained there a- a much admired teacher and virtuose He diil not return to London until 1832, appeal ing there most successfully in concert. A Bubse queni tour in Italy proved a failure. Under the effects of disappointment and dissipation he broke down at Naples, where, nine months later,
