FITZRALPH. 692 FIUME. exist in manuscript. Consult Poole's edition of Wielif's De Dominio Divino (Wyelif Society, London, 1890), where the first four books of the De Pauperie Salvatdris are reprinted. FITZEOY'. The name of two Australian rivers. ( 1 ) The Western Australian river of this name rises in the King Leopold Mountains, and after a westerly course of 300 miles through fer- tile, grass-covered plains, turns to the northwest, emptying into King Sound, on the Indian Ocean (Map: Australia, C 2). It was discovered in 1838 by Stokes.' It is navigable for 100 miles. (2) The Queensland river is formed by the junc- tion of the Mackenzie and the Dawson (Map: Australia, H 3). It flows east into Keppel Bay, on the Pacific coast, near the Tropic of Capricorn. Ships of 1500 tons ascend to Rockhampton, 35 miles from its mouth. FITZEOY, Dukes of. See Gbafton. FITZEOY, Robert (1805-65). A British naval officer. He was born at Suffolk, studied at the Royal Naval College, and entered the British Navy in 1819. In 1828 lie was given com- mand of the Beagle, employed in surveying ths southern coast of South America under the orders of Captain King of the Adventure, and two years later went with Darwin on another expedition to South America. From 1843 to 1845 he was Governor and Commander-in-Chief of New Zea- land. In 1854 he became chief of the meteorologi- eal department of the Board of Trade. His M'eather Book (1863) was a valuable contribu- tion to the science of meteorology, and he in- stituted a system of storm warnings which has gradually developed into the one now in use. He committed suicide in 1865. He published: Xarra- time of the Surveying ~ioyages of H. M. Ships Adventurer and Beagle (3 vols., 1839), the third volume of which is by Darwin: Remark.? on New Zealand (1846) ; Barometer and Weather Guide (1858); and Barometer Mtnual (1861). FITZSIM'ON, Henry (1566-1643). An Irish Jesuit and author. He was born in Dublin, and was educated at Manchester, Oxford, Paris, and Rome. In 1592 he joined the Order of Jesuits and was shortly afterwards made professor of philosophy in the Douai University. He did mis- sionary work in Ireland (1597-99) upon a large scale, for which he was arrested and imprisoned in Dublin Castle for five years. Released by order of James I., he went 'to Spain and then to Flanders, whence he visited Rome. After Berving for some time as an army chaplain, he returned to his native land in 1630. In Kill he was found guilty of insurrection and had to flee to the mountains. His voluminous writings are chiefly controversial in character, upholding the Roman Catholic against the Protestant faith. FITZWAL'TEE, Robert (M235). An Eng- lish baron, keeper of Hertford Castle. From a supporter, lie became Hie leading opponent of King John, who. in fear and hatred, banished him and plundered bis estates ( 1213). Forced to recall him, John fought valiantly against the demands of Fitzwalter and his brother baron-, but was eventually compelled by them to Bign the Magna Charta. As one of the executors thereof. Fitzwalter lived in terror of his life, waa excom- municated, but bravely battled against the royal party on behalf of popular rights, even Beeking aid from France. The help received proved to be a hindrance, after the death of King John; but Fitzwalter continued his fight for freedom' and though personally unfortunate, his partv gained the day. In 1219 he turned Crusader for a year or two, but being by this time an old man, he retired to England and found favor with Henry III. FITZWIL'LIAM MUSEUM, The. A mu- seum at Cambridge University, founded by Vis- count Fitzwilliam in 1816. It has a fine collec tion of books, manuscripts, paintings, and engrav ings left it by its founder. Among the painters represented in the collection are Holbein, Durer, Titian, Paul Veronese, Hogarth, and Turner! Rembrandt's "Officer" hangs "in its west gallery! The building itself is a fine example of Grecian architecture. An archaeological museum is an- nexed to it, containing 600 casts from antique statues. FIUME, fyoo'me. A royal free town and the seaport of Hungary, forming, together with its adjoining territory, since 1870, a political divi- sion of the kingdom (Map : Hungary, D 4) . It is picturesquely situated at the head of the Bav of Quarnero, an inlet of the Adriatic, and is about 40 miles southeast of Triest. The views of the bay and town are beautiful, and the environs are attractive. Fiume consists of the old town built on a hill, with crooked narrow streets, and the new town stretching along the shore, with fine broad streets, handsome squares, and numerous elegant public buildings. The public garden is particularly worthy of mention. Among the edi- fices the most interesting are the ancient cathe- dral, with a facade in the style of the Pantheon at Rome; the Church of Saint Vitus, a copy of Santa Maria della Salute at Venice; the town hall, the Government buildings, the Naval Acad- emy, and the municipal theatre. There is a Roman triumphal arch, supposed to have been erected to Emperor Claudius II. Gothicus. Fiume has three harbors, the largest, begun in 1872, being capable of accommodating 150 large vessels. It is protected by a breakwater 3250 feet in length, and flanked by a quay nearly two miles long. The entire port is lighted by electricity. The city, owing to the active interest shown by Hungary in this its only seaport, has an exten- sive and steadily increasing commerce. In 1900, 21,471 ships entered and cleared the port with a tonnage of 3,365,480 tons. In 1898 Fiume's com- mercial fleet comprised 189 vessels. The chief articles of import are wine', rice, tobacco, and raw jute; of export, flour, sugar, and lumber. The total value of the commerce for 1899 amounted to $43,000,000, as against less than $6,000,000 in 1871. The manufactures of Fiume are likewise flourishing. The chief industrial establishments are the Government tobacco fac- tory, employing over 2000 persons, the large V hitehead torpedo-works, an enormous petroleum refinery, a rice-shelling factory, an extensive paper-mill, and a number of sawmills. The fisher- ies are important, those of tunny being especially rich. Fiume is fully equipped with banks, com- mercial unions, ;unl industrial associations. It is administered by a separate Governor, who is a member of the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament. The town sends four representatives to the Lower House of the Kingdom, ami is en- titled to two represents ives in the Diet of Croatia and Slavonia. The chief educational institutions
