ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 65 ENDEMIC. ciencias y artes (Madrid, 3d ed., 15 vols., 2 supplements, with 'album,' 1879-81), based on the plan of Nicolas Maria Serrano; Diccionario popular historico geographico, mythologico, etc. (10 veils., Lisbon, 1876-90), by Chaga; Dicciona- rio universal portuguez illustrado, by Zeforina; Salmonsen's store illustrerede Korwersations- leksikon (Copenhagen, 1891—; 12 vols, issued by 1901); (leilhislreerde eueyelopedie ; iniunlriihucl. for wetenschap en kunst (Rotterdam, 'id ed., 1 • "► vols.. 1884-88) ; Entsiklopeditchesky Slovar (Saint Petersburg; 35 vols, down to 190-2); Bolshaya entsiklopedia (Saint Petersburg, 1901 ■ — ; 8 vols, issued) ; Encyclopedya Powszechna, etc. (Warsaw, 1898—; 12 vols, by 1902), by S. Orgelbrand. ENCYCLOPEDIE, aN'se'kl6'pa'de', ou Dic- TIONNAIRE RAISONNE DES SCIENCES, DES ARTS ET des metiers (Fr., Encyclopedia, or classified dic- tionary of sciences, arts, and trades). A celebrated French work, published by Diderot and D'Alembert at Paris in 1751-72, which in philosophy, religion, and politics voiced the prevailing tendencies of the time. It ap- peared in twenty-eight volumes, to which five supplementary volumes (Amsterdam, 1770-77) and an index in two volumes (Paris, 1780) were added. The undertaking was due to the success of Chambers's Cyclopaedia in England, but the French work surpassed all its predecessors in completeness and philosophical spirit. Among the collaborators were many of the great writers of the day — Rousseau, Grimm, Montesquieu, and Voltaire, in addition to the principal editors. The work aroused violent opposition and en- countered many obstacles, its publication being repeatedly suspended by the Government, but was carried to completion largely through the secret aid of Madame de Pompadour. It gave rise to the term 'Eneyclopedistes,' by which those who accepted it's philosophy were called. See En- cyclopedia. END. See Teleologt. ENDE, en'de, Hermann (1830—). A German architect. He was born at Landsberg, attended the Academy of Architecture at Berlin, and after- wards made a tour of Europe. He has exercised a considerable influence upon the recent develop- ment of architecture in Berlin. The numerous buildings constructed by him (partly in associa- tion with Wilhelm Bbekmann) include the Red Palace, the buildings in the Zoological Garden, Royal York Lodge, Ethnological Museum, and the Bank of Commerce and Industry. The Japa- nese Government intrusted him in 1800 with contracts for the designs of several new public buildings at Tokio and elsewhere. He was made a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts, and honorary member of those of Vienna and Saint Petersburg. ENDEAVOR, The. The famous ship in which Lieutenant (afterwards Captain) Cook made his voyage of exploration and discovery, 176S-71, in the Southern Pacific. It was fitted out by the Royal Society of England, for the express pur- pose of observing the transit of Venus. See Cook, ('ait. James. EN'DECOTT, John (c.1588-1665). A Colonial Governor of Massachusetts, born in Dorchester. England. He was one of the six 'joint adven- turers' of Dorchester who, in March, 1028, ob- tained a patent of the Massachusetts Bay Terri- tory, and in the same year led the company "I about one hundred which, early in September, settled ai Naumkeag (later Salem). He acted for a time as Governor, but in June, 1630, was superseded by Winthrop. Endeeott then became a member of Governor Winthrop's Council of Assistants. In August, 1636, Endeeott led an expedition against the Pequots on Block Island. but accomplished little. He was Deputy Gover- nor of the Colony in 1042-43; served as Governor in 1004; became Sergeant-Major-Genera] of Mas sachusetts in 1045, and from 1049 until his death, with the exception of 1050 and 1654, when he was Deputy Governor, was Governor of the Col- ony. In 1058 he was elected President of the United Colonies of New England. During his term as Governor he served the interests of the Colony with great ability and energy. Consult: C. M. Endicott, Memoir of John Endeeott (Salem, 1847), privately printed, but reproduced in part in vol. i. of The AVio England Historical and Genealogical Register (Boston, 1847), and a "Memorial of Governor John Endeeott," by Salis- bury, in Antiquarian Papers (Worcester, 1879). ENDEMANN, en'de-man, Wilhelm (1825- 99). A German jurist, born at Marburg, Hesse, and educated at Heidelberg. He was pro- fessor of law at Jena from 1862 to 1807, and as- sumed the same chair at Bonn in 1875. From 1871 to 1873 he was a member of the Reichstag. He became one of the greatest authorities on the commercial law of Germany. His works en jurisprudence include: Der Entwurf cine* deutschen Handelsgesetzbuchs (1S5S); Das deutsche Handelsrecht (4th ed. 1887); Die Entwicklung des Beweisverfahrens i/m deutschen Civilprozess (1895). ENDEM'IC (from Gk. inh//ws, endemos, na- tive, from kv, en, in + Sq/ios, demos, people). A tern; applied to diseases which affect numbers of persons simultaneously, but so as to show a con- nection with localities as well as with their in- habitants. Endemic diseases are usually spoken of as contrasted with epidemic (q.v. ) and spo- radic (q.v. ), the first term indicating that a dis- ease infests habitually the population within cer- tain geographical limits, and also that it is incapable of being transferred or communicated beyond those limits; while, on the other hand. a disease is termed epidemic if it is transmitted without reference to locality, and sporadic if it occurs in isolated instances only. The theory, accordingly, of endemic diseases is, that they are in some way or other connected with the soil, the climate, the water-supply, the customs of the people, and the microbes natural to the locality. The most marked types of an endemic disease are intermittent fever in many parts of the United States, or yellow fever in Brazilian coast districts. Terrestrial miasms, or such poisons as weaken resistance and invite the attacks of endemic diseases, are usually found in the neighborhood of marshy flats, or of un- cultivated tracts of land at the confluence of rivers, or where a delta, or a wide channel sub- ject to overflow, is formed at the upper end of a lake. In proportion, too, as the heat of the sun is greater, the tendency to malarious emana- tions is increased: and in the tropics, according- ly, large tracts of jungle and forest are often rendered absolutely uninhabitable and almost
