FLINDERSIA. 73] FLINT. a light yellow wood, and is considered one of the finest Australian hardwoods foi eal I work. A yellow dyestuff is also prepared from this species. Flindersia maculosa, railed leopard tree, is a smaller species, the timber of which is used for shingles, barrel-staves, etc. A gum that exudes from this tree in considerable quantity resembles gum arable and makes jjood mucilage. Flindersia an.slralis is said to be a valuable streei tree in the tropics. Ms fruits are rough, and according to .Maiden are used as rasps in preparing roots, etc., for food. FLINDERS LAND (named in honor of Capt. Matthew Flinders). An early name given to what is now South Australia (q.v.). FLINDO'SA. See FLINDERSIA. FLING, Highland. See Highland Fling. FLINS DES OLIVIERS, lla.N da zo'16'vya', Charles Louis Make Emmanuel Carbon i>e (1757-1800). A French poet, born in Reims. He was King's officer for some time at Vervins, and wrote there a poem Voltaire (1779). Under the pseudonym Louis Emmanuel he wrote Lcs voy- ages de I'opiiiitm duns Irs quatres parties du monde (1798-1800). His other works include: Les amours avec tin essai sur la poisie erotique (1780) ; Pocmes et discours en vers I ITSiil ; Finn il'ini cijnrs tlr lit lernl nrc (1784); and the comedies La jcuiw htitesse (1792), which was imitated from Goldoni's Locandiera; he mart dvreetewr (1791); and the cleverly planned he Beveil d'Epimcnide (1790). FLINT (AS. flint, OHG. flins, dialectic Ger. Flins; probably connected with Gk. ttIp0oi, plin- thos, brick). A massive variety of quartz some- what similar to chalcedony, but usually of dark colors, as gray and brown. It is generally found in the form of nodules in deposits of chalk, espe- cially in the chalk cliffs of England. It is of wide occurrence, and is found chiefly in the coun- ties of Kent, Norfolk, and Suffolk, England, where it was formerly used as a building mate- rial, and in Cretaceous limestones of the United States. Microscopic examination of flint shows that it contains spicules of sponges and frustules of diatoms, which have suggested that these served as a nucleus around which the silica was deposited from solution. According to Plinj'. Clias was the first to strike fire with flint, and its use for sharp weapons and cutting instru- ments such as axes, arrowheads, knives, etc., is evident from its discovery among the earliest pre- historic relics. The readiness with which it pro- duces fire when struck with steel leads to its extensive use for igniting tinder and its employ- ment as gun-flints. But these uses have been superseded by matches and percussion caps, and its principal application at present is as an ingredient of fine pottery, for which purpose it is calcined, thrown into cold water, and then finely powdered. Consult: Evans. Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments of Great Britain (London, 1872) ; Stevens, Flint Chips (London, 1870). FLINT. The capital of Flintshire, Wales; a seaport and municipal borough since 1284; on the estuary of the Dee, 13 miles southwest of Liverpool ( Map : Wales. C 3 ) . Only vessels of small draught can enter its port. It is a smoky little town, possessing lead and coal mines, cop- per and chemical works. Population, in 1891, .5250; in 1901, 4600. Roman relics and traces Vol. VII. — 47. bl Roman lead smelting works bavi und. I'lmi was i le a borough bj Edward 1., who built (he castle which siill exists, hut in a ruined tati Ri< ".I i i 1 1 on August in dered to Bolingbroke at Flinl Ca tli and in 1043 (he fun ress «■' ' ' pi ured bj I be Pai liamenta- rians, who dismantled ii four years later. FLINT. A citj and IK esee County, -Midi., lis mil.', northwest "t l>" troit on Flint River, and on the P6n Harquette and (he Chicago ami Grand Trunk railro (Map: Michigan, K 6). H i i oi the State institution for the deaf and dumb, and i g oihcr feature are Oal Grove Eospital, a private retreat for tin- insane, a fine iii;_'l> school building, a public library, and tin grounds of the County Agricultural Society. The citj large lumber interests, and several saw and planing mills, besides extensive carriage and wagon works, flouring-mills, ami grain eli itors, iron-works, breweries, cigar-factories, wool mills, brick and tile works, etc. Flint was set I led in 1820 and in Is.,., v,,i chartered Pop- ulation, in 1890, 9803; in 1900, 13,103. FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-86). An American physician, horn at Petersham, Mass. lie was educated at. Amherst and Harvard, and ;_'rad uated at the latter in L833. After practicing in Boston and Northampton, be removed to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1836. He was appointed professor of the institutes and practice of medicine in Bush Medi- cal College, Chicago; resigned after one year, in 1846, and established the Buffalo Medical Journal. With White and Hamilton he founded the Buffalo Medical College in 1*47. where he was professor of the principles and practice of medicine for six years. He was afterward- pro- fessor of the theory and practice of medicine in the University of Louisville. Ky., from 1852 to 1856. He was then called to the chair of path ology and clinical medicine at Buffalo. From 1858 to 1861 he was professor of clinical medi- cine in the School of Medicine at New Orleans. In 1859 he removed to New York, and in 1861 was appointed visiting physician to Bellevue Hospital; from 1861 to his death, in 1886. he was professor of the principles and practice of medi- cine in Bellevue Hospital Medical College (con- solidated with the medical department of New York University in 1898), and from 1861 to 1868 he was professor of pathology and practical medicine in Long Island College Hospital. He was president of the New York Academy of Medi- cine from 1872 to 1885. His published works include: On Continued Fever (1852); Chronic Pleurisy (1853) ; On Dysentery (1853) ; Physical Exploration in the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Respiratory Organs (1856; revised 2d ed. 1S68) ; Diseases of the Heart (1859; 2d ed. 1S70I; Principles and Practice of Medicine (1866; re- vised 5th ed. 1884) ; Medical Essays "» Conser- vative Medicine and Kindred Tapirs (1874); Clinical Medicine (1879): On Phthisis (18831; Manual <'[ Auscultation and Percussion (re- vised 3d ed. 1883). Consult his biographv. bv Carpenter (New York, 1886). FLINT, Austin, Jr. (1836 — ). An American physician, born at Northampton. Mass.; son of Austin Flint (q.v.). He attended medical lec- tures at the University of Louisville from ls."i4 to 1S56. and in 1S56 and 1857 at Jefferson Medi- cal College, Philadelphia. From 1S57 to 1859
