HAMILCAB. 498 HAMILTON. of Tyre (B.C. 332). (4) Governor of Sicily, B.C. 317. (5) The son of Ciisco, who succeeded the preceding, and carried on militarj- operations against the Syracusans and other States with great success, "but was at length taken prisoner and put to death (B.C. 309). (d) A commander during the First Punic War, who was very suc- cessful against the Romans by land in Sicily, but was afterwards defeated in a sea fight off Ecno- mus, and was thereafter recalled to Africa to oppose Eegulus. The greatest of all was Hamilcar, surnamed Earca or Barak, 'lightning.' A'hile very young he was appointed to the command of the Cartha- ginian forces in Sicily, in B.C. 247. at which time the Romans had possession of almost all the isl- and. Hamilear's first care was to discipline his infantry thoroughly; he then established himself on Mount Hercte, and from this point made pil- laging excursions in all directions, sending his privateers along the coast of Italy as far north as CumiEj thus obtaining abundant supplies for his troops. From this position the Romans en- deavored to dislodge him, but in vain. After three .years he left Hercte, and established him- self on Mount Ery.x, keeping up his communica- tion with Drepanum and the sea, where the same tactics were repeated on both sides, and with the same want of success on the part of the Romans. The Carthaginian admiral. Hanno. having been totally defeated off the .Agates Islands. B.C. 241, Hamilcar was compelled to evacuate his fortress and abandon Sicily. While Hamilcar was en- gaged in Sicily he had made large promises to his mercenary troops which he was unable to fulfill; they revolted in consequence, and were joined by some of the African tribes. Hanno endeavored to suppress the revolt, but failed; Hamilcar was accordingly appointed to the com- mand, and succeeded in utterly defeating the rebels, capturing all their towns and putting to death their leaders. Hamilcar was next ap- pointed commander-in-chief of the Carthaginian Army, and was engaged for some time in wars with" the neighboring tribes, which were aliruptly ended by Hamilear's entering upon his Spanish campaign about B.C. 236. His great aim was to found a new empire in Spain, from which, as his basis, he might assail the Romans. Such a king- dom he saw would increase the power and wealth of his native country, and atone to her for the loss of Sicily and Sardinia. This end he did not himself accomplish, but he prepared the way for its accomplishment by Hasdrubal and Hannibal. He marched westward, while the fleet under his son-in-law, Hasdrubal. cruised along the coast ; he then crossed over the Strait of Gibraltar, and made war on the natives of Spain, in the course of which he penetrated to the very heart of the country, subdued many tribes and cities, and amassed immense wealth. He spent nine years in Spain, and at length, in B.C. 228, met his death on the field of battle while fighting against the Vettones. His military genius is considered scarcely inferior to that of his son Hannibal. HAM'ILTON. The capital of Dvindas and Normanby counties, in the western district of Victoria, Australia, on Grange Burn Creek, 50 miles northeast of Portland, and 198 miles west of Melbourne, with which it has railway connec- tion. It is a pastoral, .agricultural, and stock- raising centre, with important semi-annual exhibi- tions and race meetings. Population, in 1901, 4026. HAMILTON. The capital of the Bermudas (q.v. ), situated on Hamilton Island. Popula- tion, in 1901, 2246. HAMILTON. The capital of Wentworth County, Ontario, Can., and port of entry on Bur- lington Bay, at the southwestern extremity of Lake Ontario, on the main line and several branches of the Grand Trunk Railway, 70 miles northwest of Buffalo, N. Y. (Map: Ontario, D 4). The port is reached by a canal dug through a sandbar which, stretching across the bay for five miles, serves as a breakwater for a fine harbor. Desjardins Canal, four miles long, con- nects the harbor with Dundas. There is daily steam communication with other lake ports, and an extensive trade with the ilaritime Prov- inces. Hamilton is the centre of Western Can- ada's fruit district. The output of its numerous industries comprises iron wares, sewing-ma- chines, agricultural implements, glass, cotton, woolen, and tobacco products, musical instru- ments, and other manufactures. It is the fifth city of importance in the Dominion, and is fre- quently styled the Canadian Birmingham. The United States is represented by a consul. The city sends two representatives to the Domin- ion House of Commons, and two to the Provincial Legislature; it is the seat of Anglican and Roman Catholic bishops. The town, laid out in 1813, is built on a plateau, has wide streets, mar- ket and county-house squares, and many ele- gant residences on the rising ground which cul- minates in 'the mountain,' 250 feet high, with its inclined railway. At the summit of 'the Moxintain' is the Government Lunatic Asylum. Other features include the post-office, custom- house, city hall, public library, and Dimdurn Park. The race-course at Hamilton is one of the finest in America. The sandbar, known as Burlington Beach^ is a popular summer resort, with a good hotel. Population, in 1891, 48.980; in 190C 52,5.50. HAMILTON. A market town and municipal borough in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the left bank of the Clyde, 11 miles southeast of Glas- gow (Map: Scotland, D 4). The inhabitants are chiefly employed in neighboring coal and iron mines, and limestone quarries; market-gardening and muslin-weaving are minor industries. The town is irregularly built on rising groimd, com- manding fine views. Its prominent structures are the burgh buildings with a clock tower 130 feet higli, the county buildings, in the Grecian style, and the cavalry barracks. The town owns its gas and water-works. It gives the title to the first peer of Scotland, the Diike of Hamilton and Brandon, whose famous family seat, Hamilton Place, in the midst of extensive pleasure grounds, is adjacent to the demesne of Cadzow Castle with the remains of its forest, where primeval oaks and a herd of the original breed of wild cattle are preserved. Population, in 1891. 24,- 859; in 1901, 32,775. Consult Grant, The Com- missariat Record of Hamilton (Edinburgh, 1898). HAMILTON. A village in Madison County, N. Y.. 28 miles southwest of Utica ; on the New York, Ontario and Western Railroad (Jlap: New York. E 3). It is the seat of Colgate University (q.v.) with the Hamilton Theological Seminary I
