HANN. 531 and Pokoniy; Bundbuch der Klimatologie (1883); and Die Tempcraturrerhaitnisse der ovitciiTichixclien Alpenlunder (1887). HANNA. The usual name in British Guiana for llie hciuilzin (q.v.). HAN'NA, Marcus Aloxzo ilS37-in04). An Anieiic-an nianufactuier and politii-ian, burn ul Lisbon. Cuhimbiana County, Ohio, of Seott-h-lrish parentage. In 1S,")2 liis father removed with his family to Cleveland, Oliio, where lie established himself in a wliolesale grocery bu.siness that soon became one of the most extensive in northern Ohio. Young Hanna was educated in the Cleve- land public schools, and began a course at West- ern Reserve University, which was interrupted in 1857 by the failing health of his father. His father died in 1862, and he conducted the business with success until 1867, when lie formed a partner- ship with his father-in-law, Daniel P. Rhodes. U'he firm of Rhodes & Co. dealt in coal, iron ore, and pig iron, and, under the management of the junior partner, its scope was extended, so that in a few years its property included coal and iron mines, and a line of lake steamships constructed in its own shipyards. In 1877 the firm name was changed to M. A. Hanna & Co., and Hanna be- came the controlling partner; hut his activities required new fields, and lie Ijecame interested in theatrical enterprises, the Cleveland Street Rail- way, banking, and railroading. .t length he turned his attention to politics, gradually extend- ing his inlluence from his home ward to city, State, and finally to national politics. In 1880 he was an active Republican worker in Cleveland; in 1884 he was a delegate to the Republican Na- tional Convention, and in 1888 he was again a ilelegate to that body, and this time made himself known as one of the managers of .John Sherman's canvass for the nomination. In 1806 he suddenly acquired national prominence by the part lie took in securing the nomination of William JIcKinley for the Presidency at the Republican National Convention at Saint Louis. Immediately after the convention he became chairman of the Republican Xational Committee, and conducting the campaign on the same principles that had won him success in business, secured the election of lIcKinley by the largest pupuhir plurality given up to that time at a Presidential election. In March, 1S97, Covernor Bushnell appointed him United States Senator from Ohio to succeed John Sherman, who had resigned to become Secretary of State in President McKinley's Cabinet, and in the follow- ing year he was chosen by the Legislature Sena- tor for the full term of six years. In the Senate he did not take a prominent part either as a debater or a legislator ; but up to the death of President INlcKinley he was recognized as one of the most influential advisers of the Administra- tion. He actively interested himself in the problem of the relation between capital and la- bor, and upon the organization of the National Civic Federation was made its president. In December, 1001. he became a member of a per- manent board appointed to settle labor disputes. HANNA, William (1808-82). An English clergyman, author, and editor, born at Belfast. He studied at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, was ordained a minister of the Church of Scotland, was installed as pastor at East Kilbride (Lanarkshire! in IS.'?.';, and in 18.37 be- came pastor at Skirling (Peeblesshire). L^pon HANNIBAL. the establishment of the Free Church of Scotland in 1843 he, with his entire congregation, with- drew from the State Churdi and formed, at Skir- ling, a Free Church society. From 1850 to 1866 he was the colleague of Thomas Guthrie (q.v.) at Saint John's Free Chureli, Edinburgh. His pul- pit discourses were marked by a quiet yet force- ful manner of utterance, clear thouglil, and niucli literary excellence. He was appointed editor of the yorlli British Review in 1847, but soim re- signed, and wrote numerous, works, of which the Laat Day of Our Lord's Passion (1863) had a wide circulation. He is, however, best known for liis edition of The Posthumous Works of Thomas Chalmers (9 vols., 1847), and his Memoirs of Ike Life and Writings of Thomas ('halniers (4 vols., 1849-52), which two publications won for him from Olasginv the degree of LL.D. HANNAHILL. A local name for the black sea-bass (Ventropristes striatus) . See Sea-Bass. HANTJAY, David (1853-). An English journalist and author, born in London. Besides work on the Pall Mall Gazette, the Saturday I'eciew, and Saint James's Gazette, Hannay wrote several books, mosth' connected in some way with the navy: Short Histori/ of the Royal Navy I 1898) ; Admiral Blake (1888) ; Rodney ( 1891) ; Life of Marryat (1889) ; Life of Smollett (1887). To the "Public Men of To-Day Series" he con- tributed Don Emilio Castelar ( 1896), and to the Periods of European Literature. "The Later Renaissance" (1898), his most elaborate work in literary history. HANNAY, James (1842—). A Canadian journalist and historian, born at Richibucto, N. B., where his father was settled as Presbyterian minister. Called to the bar in 1867, he was ap- pointed official reporter of the Supreme Court of the province (1867-73), and published two vol- umes of reports. Resigning his post, he became assistant editor of the Saint John Daily Tele- graph (1873-83) and of the Montreal Herald (1883-84), and after serving on the staflT of the Brooklyn Eagle (1885-87) he returned to Saint John to take the editorship of the Gazette ( 1888) . In 1893 he became chief editor of the Saint John Telegraph. As a journalist, Hannay became well known throughout Canada for able editorials, brilliant sketches, stories, and ballads. Among liis historical works are: JJistory of Acadia ( 1879) ; The Story of the Queen's Rangers in the American Revolution (1883) ; The History of the Loyalists (1893); and Life and Times of Sir Leonard Tilley (1897). HANNEMAN, han'ne-man, Adriaen (1601- 71). A Flemish painter, born at The Hague. He was a pupil of Ravesteyn in his native city, and went to England early in the reign of Charles I. He worked in London under Mytens, in the style of Van Dyck, and produced a number of portraits notable for fine color. On his return to The Hague he became Court painter to Mary of Orange. His works include portraits of Charles I., in the Vienna Museum: .Tan de Witt (16.52. Rotterdam ifuseum) ; and William Frederick of Orange (1661, Weimar Museum). HAN'NIBAL, A city in JIarion County. IMo., 112 miles northwest of Saint Louis, on the Mis- sissippi River, and on several railroads, including the Chicago. Burlington and Quincy. the Wabash, and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas (Map;
