HARTFORD CONVENTION. COO HARTINGTON. gress; that Congress should have no power to lay an embargo on ships of American citizens for more than sixty days; that Congress should not interdict foreign commerce or declare offen- sive war except by a two-thirds vote; that no person thereafter naturalized should be capable Of sitting in Congress or of holding any Federal civil office; that no person should serve as Presi- dent more than one term ; and that the President should never be chosen twice successively from the same State. The delegates further resolved that, if their recommendations should not be heeded and if the defense of their respective States should still be neglected, a further conven- tion should be created "with such powers and instructions as the exigency of a crisis so mo- mentous may require." The war was practically over before the con- vention finished its work, the Treaty of Ghent (q.v. ) having been concluded on December 24111. tliougli the fact was unknown to the members of the convention. The battle of New Orleans. .Janu- ary 8, 1815, and the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent (February 17th) increased the populari- ty of the Government and hastened the downfall of the Federalist Party; and "Hartford Conven- tion Federalist' was for many years a term of reproach. The controversy over the absolute obligation of a Governor to respond to the Presi- dent's call for the militia presented a problem in constitutional law, and in the relations of the States tc the Union, which was not fully settled even at the outbreak of the Civil War. " For an authoritative and complete work, consult the Histor;/ of the Hnrtford Convention (New York, 1S33), by Tiieodore Dwight, secretary of the con- vention; also consult: Lodge', Life and Letters of George Cabot (Boston, 1877) ; and Heni-y Adams, Documents Relating to Xew England Federalism (Boston, 1877). See FEnERAi.iSTS. HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINA- RY. A Congregational institution, founded in 1834 at East Windsor Hill. Conn., under the name of the Theological Institute of Connecticut, and removed in 180.5 to Hartford, with a change of name. The legal constitution of the seminary vests its control in a board of trustees, who are elected by the Pastoral Union — an association of nearly 200 ministers, all of whom give as- sent to the creed of the Union, a statement of doctrine dravn up in 1834, with singular breadth of view. Although the seminary was estab- lished at a time of theological controversy, the occasions of dispute then have long ago ceased to exist, and the institution now is concerned simply with the problem of training ministers for present-day work on the broadest lines of intellectual and spiritual development. In the reconstruction of theological pedagogy in Amer- ica during the last twent.v-five years', the semi- nary has been often the pioneer and alwa.vs abreast of the most enterprising progress. The faculty in 1903 numbered twelve professors and twelve regular lecturers, and the student bodv was about eighty-five. At that time the library contained over 81.000 volumes and nearly 45,000 pamphlets — being unsurpassed in this country in several of its special collections. The main build- ings are Hosnier Hall, valued at .$150,000, erected in 1880 by .James B. Hosmer. and the Case Memorial Library, erected in 1902 by Newton Case at a cost of .$100,000. Since 1890 the faculty has issued The Hartford Seminary Record, a quarterly magazine. HARTIG, har'tiK, Fkanz, Count (1789-1865). An Austrian statesman. He held a number of important posts under the Government until the appearance of his book. Genesis dcr Revolution in Ocstcrrtich (3d ed. 1851), describing the begin- ning of the liberal movement in Austria, forced him into retirement. In 18G0 he was elected to the Reichsrat, where he played a prominent part as a member of the Liberal Centralist Party. In 1801 he was called to the Austrian House of Lords, of which he remained a member until his death. HARTIG, Georg Ludwig (1764-1837). A German forester. He was born at Gladenbach, and was educated at Giessen, where he studied mathematics, political economy, geodesy, and physics. While in the service of Prince Solms- Braunfeld at Hungen. Hartig established a school of forestry which became the model for future institutions of this kind. In 1811 he was ap- pointed chief of the department of forestry at Berlin: and it was due to his firmness that a large part of the German forests was not sacri- ficed to meet the financial exigencies of the time. He wrote in all thirty-one works, such as: An- u-cisuny zur Holz-uclii fiir F6rster(Sth ed. 1818) ; Lehrbueh fiir Forster (11th ed. 1877) : Lehrbueh fiir Jiiqcr (11th ed. 1884); and Kubiktabellen (10th ed. 1S71). HARTIG, Robert (1839—). A writer on forestry, born at Brunswick, a son of Theodor Hartig (q.v.), and educated at the Collegium Carolinum, of Brunswick, and at Berlin. In 1878 he was appointed professor of botany at Munich. The scientific labors of Hartig in the department of vegetable pathology have contrib- uted greatly to the development of that branch of science. Prior to his investigations on the pro- gressive stages of disease in trees, little or noth- ing had been done in this department of scientific inquiry ; so that Hartig may be considered the founder of arboreal pathology. His more impor- tant works include : Die Vnterscheidungsmerkmale dcr n-ichtigcrn in Deutschland icachsenden Hoher (3d ed. 1890) ; Lchrbucli der Baumkrankheiten (2d ed. 1889: Eng. trans, by W. Somerville, 1894). In this work the author reviews the de- A"elopment of the study of vegetable pathology'; the causes of vegetable disease: the injviries in- duced by such plants as cryptogams, fungi, and phanerogams : and wounds, and diseases due to conditions of the soil. HARTIG, Theodor (1805-80). A German forester and naturalist. He was born at Dillen- burg, was educated at Berlin (1824-27). and was successively lecturer and professor of for- estry at the University of Berlin (1831-38) and at the Carolinum. Brunswick. His works in- clude: Die Aderfliigler Deutsclilnnds (2d ed. 18601 ; Tergleichende Untersuchungen iiber den Ertrag der Rofhiiclie (2d ed. 1851). In collabo- ration with his father. Georg Ludwig Hartig. be also published the work entitled. Forstliches und naturii-issenschaftliches Konversationslexikon.The eleventh edition of his father's Lehrbueh fiir Forster, the later reprints of which he had re- vised, was published in 1877. HART'INGTON. A city and the county-seat of Cedar County, Neb., about 20 miles south by
