HITCHCOCK. 110 HITCHIN. the survey was tlie maintenam^ of a meteorologi- cal station throujjliout the joar on the summit of Mount Wiishinj^lon, wliente daily statements of the weather conditions wi-ie issueil helore the Inited States tSi^nal Service had bc'^un its weather predietimis. HitchcocK's puhliealions comprise more than one hundred and iilty papers, chietly concerninf; New Enjjland (geology, crys- lalline scliists, and iehnolo{;y. He was appointed professor of geologj' at Uarlniouth College in IStiO. and in 18S3 was vicepresi<lcnt of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science. He was a member of the imperial (ieolo<;ical In- stitution of 'ieiuia. and was one of the orijiinal and most active meml)ers of the (Jeologieal Society of .merica. He was the first to su;^est the liKality of the great terminal glacier in the Inited States. HITCHCOCK, E[)W.RD ( 17n.'}-1804) . . scien- tist and eilueatnr wlio contrihuted greatly to the development and popularizing of geological science in .merica. He was horn in Deertield. Mass., where for a time he .served as principal of the academy. From 1814 to 1818 he published the Country Ahnaiiiic, and in the latter year entered Yale Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1820. After serving as pastor of the Congregational Church in Conway. Mass.. he was appointed professor of chemistry and natural history in Amherst College. .-s president of that institution from 184.5 to 1854 he improved its financial condition, and greatly extended its use- fulness. When he resigned the presidency, he re- tained the professorship of natural theology and geologj, holdingthisolfice until his death. Through- out the latter part of his life he devoted much time to geological research. In 18.30 he was appointed State Geologist of Massachusetts, and under his direction the first geological survey of any extensive area was completed. The results of this work were published by the State Govern- ment in several voluminous reports. In ISiSB lie received the appointment of geologist of New York, but resigned the position. He served as geologist of Vermont from 18.5" to 1861, and in 1850 was commissioned by the State of Massachu- setts to examinethc agricultural schools of Europe. He was one of the founders of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and of Mount Holyokc Seminary, and was the first presiilent of the American Cieological Society. His extensive col- lection of fossil footprints of the Connecticut Valley was presented to Amherst College. The most important of his works are: Economical ecology (18.32); Report on the fScnlogy. Min- eralogy, Botany, and Zoology of Massachusetts (183.3) ; Elementary Geology (1840) ; Geology of Massachusetts (1841); History of a Zoijiogical Temperance Conrention in Central Africa (1850) ; Religious Lectures on Peculiar Phenome- na of the Four fteasons (18.50); Religion of Geology and Its Connected ficiences (1851) ; Re- ligious Truth, Illustrated from ficience (1857); lehnoloqy of A'cir England (1858); Report on the Geology of Vermont (1861); and Reminis- cences nf Amherst College (1863). HITCHCOCK, Ethan Allen (1708-1870). An -American soldier and mystic. He was a grandson of Ethan -Mien, was born at Vergcnnes, Vt.. and was educated at West Point. After garrison service, he was instnictor in tactics at West Point (1824-27), and commandant there (1827-29). He served against the Indians in Florida in 18.36 and 1840, and in the last cam- paign of the -Mexican War. For his service in •Mexico he was brevctted brigadier-general ( 1847). He commanded the I'acilic Division from 1851 to 1854, and in the next year resigned because of a quarrel with .Iclferson Davis, then Secretary of War. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was appointed major-general, and served at lirst on special duty under the Secretary of War, and later as commi.ssioner of exchange. He was also confidential adviser to the President. Hitch- cock was a mystic, and wrote: Remarks upon Alchemy and the Alchemists, arguing that they were religious philosophers, and that truth was the philosopher's stone (1857); Hwcdcnborg, a Hermetic Philosopher (1858); Christ, the iipirit, in which the Gospels are treated as sym- bolical writings of the Essenes (1800); Red Hook of Appin, and Other Fairy Talcs (1863) ; Remarks on the Sonnets of Hhakespeare (1805 and 1867); Spenser's Colin Clout Explained (1865) ; and o/t>s on the Vita Xuova of Dante (1806), in all of which he gives hermetic expla- nations of the nuitter of these books. HITCHCOCK, Ethan Allen (1835—). An American jiulitician, born in Mobile. For several years he was in business in Saint Louis. In 1897 lie was sent as United States Minister to Russia, and subsequently was made Ambassador upon a corresponding change in the Russian diplomatic service. In 1898, upon the retirement of Cor- nelius M. Bliss, he was appointed Secretary of the Interior. He entered upon the oflice in 1899. — His brother Henry (1829-1902) was born near Jlobile, Ala., and was one of the foremost law- yers and citizens of Saint Louis. HITCHCOCK, PoswELL Dwigiit (1817-87). -An .merican clergj'man and educator, born in East Machias. Me. He graduated at -Amherst College in 1830, and at - dover Theological Sem- inary in 1838. and studied at the luiiversities of Halle and Berlin in 1847. -After his graduation from the thenlogii'al school he was a tutor at -Amherst tmlil 1842. He preached a year in Waterville, Me., and in 1845 was installed over the First Con<jregational Church in Exeter, N. H. He resigned in 1852 to accept the professorship of revealed religion at Bowdoin College. Three years later he resigned at Bowdoin to become professor of Church history at fnion Theological Seminarj', of which he was elected president in 1880. He was on the editorial staff of the Ameri- can Theological lleiietr for seven years, traveled in Egj-pt and Palestine, and was elected president of the Palestine Exploration Society in 1871, and vice-president of the American Geolojiical So- ciety in 1880. He published: The Life. Character, and ^yritings of Edu-tird Robinson (1863) ; Com- plete Analysis of the Holy Bible (1869) ; Social- ism (1879) : Carmina Sanctorum, with Dr. Zach- ary Eddy and Rev. Lewis W. Mud<;e (1885). A collection of sermons. Eternal Atonement, was published posthumously (1888). HITCHIN, hichtn. -A to«Ti in Hertfordshire, England. 14 miles northwest of Hertford (Map: England. F 5). It was the original seat of Gir- ton College; it has a free school, founded 1622; and its fine old parish church contains an his- torical crypt, interesting monuments, and an "-Adoration of the Magi" by Rubens. Hitchin has large breweries, and a trade in corn, malt, and
