HUGHES. 292 HUGH THE GREAT. schooling, but lie educati-d liiiusclf, and at tlie age of twenty emigrated to tlie L'nit<Ml Stntes. where lie wiirkeil a> a day hiborer in Man- land and Pennsylvania for three years, until he j;alneil adniissinn to the Ituniaii t'athiilic Colle}:c of Mount Saint Mary, Eniniitshurg, Md. There he earned di»linelion as a debater and also as a eolUctor of funds for the rebuilding of the col- lege after it was burned ilown. lie was ordained a (iriest in 182(i. and llie same year the tirst of his controversial pamphlets was published. An Aiixirrr lu Miw t)l,jcvliviis Made hij an Anuny- nioiix W'riler Aniiinul tlif Calliulic liitiiiiim. After being assistant at the Church of Saint Augustine. Philadelphia, he went to Bedford. Pa., thence returned to Philadelphia (1827), to take ehargo of .Siint .k>sepirs Church, after- wards took charge of Saint Mary's, and was the founder of Saint .John's Orphan Asybim (JS2!t). From 18.3.5 to IS.'i.J he published in the Vntholic Hiniltl his replies to his Presbyterian antagonist, Dr. lireckenridge. In lH:i8 he" was appointed co- adjutor of the Hlshop of New York, four years afterwards became a bishop himself, and con- tinued his controversies upon educational, po- litical, and religious ati'airs, in which his ora- torical powers exerted a potent inlluence. One of Hlshop Hughes's first undertakings was the establishment of a short-lived theological semi- nary at J.afargeville. .TetTerson County, which was reopened at I'ordham under the name of Saint .John's College in 1841. In 18.^0 he was made an archbishop, and in 18(11 was sent on a s|>ecial embassy to gain the friendship of France for the North in the Civil War. extend- ing his intluence in the same cause both to Ire- land and Italy. Two volumes of his writings, edited bv Lawrence Kehoc, were published in 18(i.'> after his death. Consult: Hassard. Life of -liilni lliiiihrx (New York. 18(iG) : and Brann, John Ihifihrx (New Y'ork, 1892), in the '•Makcre of . ierica Series." HUGHES, TiioM.s (lS2.3-9f>). An English author and politician, second son of .Tohn Hughes, of Donington Priory. Newburi-. Berkshire, born at I'lTington. Berks.' He was educated at Rugby under the celebrated Ur. Arnold : graduated B... from Oriel College, Oxford, in 184.5: was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1S4S. and became a member of the chancery bar. In IS.ifi he gave to the world To'ii Tlroirn's School Dniifi — a pic- ture of life at a public school, evidently written from the author's own personal experience, and recording the vivid anil enduring impressions he brought with him from Rugby. It was followed. in IS.IS, bv The Srourinp of thr IV/iiVe florsr; in 1801. by Tom Broim at Oxford, in which the mental history of his hero is continued, with sketches of college life and incidents: and in ISfift. by Alfred thr Orrnt. Hughes pursued meanwhile the study and practice of the law: and was appointeil Queen's Counsel in ISfiO. He gained the conliilence and good-will of the work- ing classes by endeavoring to promote a better understanding between masters and men. and by teaching the latter the value of cor.()eration as a means of social elevation. At the general elec- tion for Lambeth in ISfi.'i. he was placed at the head of the poll, the workingmen l>eing especially enthusiastic in securing his return. In ISfiS he was returned for Frome. which he continued to represent till H74. and always took a promi- nent part in debates relating to the combinations of trades-unions, and the amendment of the law of master and servant. In 18H0 he took a leading l)art in the soi'ialistic settlement at Rugby, Tenn, ilughes also wrote: Memoir of a lirothcr ( 1873) ; Vacation Rambles (1895); and several other works. HUGH OF LINCOLN, llij'kon. A boy who is the hero ol a niedia-val legend. The story is told variously in the chronicles and ballads. Ae cording to one version, twenty-four boys were playing ball. Sir Hugh of Lincoln, who kicked the" ball through the wiiulow of a .lew. was en- tic»'d into the castle by the .lew's daughter, mur- dered, and thrown into a well, from which he addressed his mother miraciloisly. and thus disclosed the crime. The story, based upon the belief that the .Jews murdered Christian chil- dren, is found throughout the popular literature of mediirval Kurope. It received the highest artistic treatment in Chaucer's I'riorvss's Tale. Consult Child. i:nnli'ih and Scottish Popular Hal- lads, part v. (Boston. 1888). HUGH OF LUSIGNAN, luV^'nyiiN' The name of several counts of La Marche. of whom the iM'st known is Hugh X. (1208-49). During his father's life King .John of England had robbed him of his bride. Isabella of .iigouli-me. .After .John's death he married Isabella, who styled her- self countess-<puH'n. He participatetl in the cru- sade against Daniietta (1219). During the minority of Louis IX. he was one of the leading nobles who revolted against the regent. Blanche of Ca.stile, but was compelled to submit. In 1241 he insulted his overlord, the brother of Saint Louis. The latter subdued him, but par- doned him. HUGH THE GREAT ( ?-n.5fi). Count of Paris uallcd also Tur-; lliTE). On the death in 92."J of his father. Robert L. who had been elected King of France in opposition to Charles the Simple, he could have taken the title of King, but instead permitted it to go to his brother-in- law, Rudolph of Burgiuidy. He took the same course after the death, in i):t(i. of Rudoli)h. who was succeeded by Louis d'Outre Mer, a young son of Charles the Simple. Meanwhile Hugh had amassed large estates, and as Louis proved any- thing but a docile King. Hugh was forced to seek the assistance of his brother-in-law. Otlio the (Jreat of Germany, in the war that ensued. The King was captured and released, after giving up to his conqueror the city of Laon. Louis im- mediately renewed the struggle, and this time was victorious. Peace was proclaimed in 9.'50. Four years afterwards Hugh airain had the op- jiort unity to make himself King, on Louis's death (9.54). but he favored the election of Lothair. and in reward for his services was in- vested with the dtichies of Aquitaine and Bur- gundy. It was his son. Hugh Capet, who as- cended the throne thirty years later. HUGH THE GREAT (10.57-1101). Count of Vermandois. the third son of Honrv 1. of France. He joined the First Cnisade (10901. and was taken prisoner. Rescued by Godfrey de Bouillon, he continued to fichi in the Holv Land, and died there from the effects of a wound received near Xiciea. There seems to have tieen no reason for his being called 'The Great,' except that that was the customary sobriquet among the^ Cape- tians.
