HUSCHKE. 346 HUSS. He took a prominent part in ecclesiastical poli- tics, and was so strong a partisan of (he Lutheran coniniiinicm that hii i>|i|i<iii<miIs liroii^'hl criminal suit a^iuinst him lor inciting' an insurrcitinn, but unsiucfssfully (18.'{5). I.nliT he hrld liigh ec- cli'siastical olliccs in thcgifl of the State, and was 4 made Privy Councilor. As a jurist he combined the historical and pliiloloriical methods. His more important works are: •Sliiilien Jc.i roinischm Jtirhls ( IS.StM : Die crfassting iles K6iii<i» 8er- i>ius TulliuK (18.38); Leber den Cenxiin und die tfleiienerl'iiKxiDi;) iter friihrrn rumixehrn Kai- serseit (1847); GaiuH. Heilriiiir :ur Krilik- und ziiin VersUindnis seiner Iimlitulioncn (1855); Jurixiinnlenliir Antejiifitiniiinfr r/nff flupersunt (5th ed. 18S(i) ; and the valuable works on the Italic dialects: Die oskischcn und gabel- linelien Spraelideiiknitiler (1850) : Die l<iuvisehen Tafeln nebst den klcinern iimbriechen Inschriftcn (1859); Za den altHalienischen Dialekten (1872) ; and Die neue oskischc Blcilafel (1880). HUSEMANN, h—<'/.em!ir, TiiEonoR (ia;i3- l'.)()2i. A turman pharmacologist, born in Det- Wdld and eilueate<l at (iiittinj;cn, Wiirzburg, Berlin, and Prague. He practici'd medicine for five years, and in 18fi0 went to (Jiittiiifrpn, where he became docent (lSti5) and professor (1873) of pharmacolog:}' and toxicologj-. He wrote: Jlundbiicli der Toxikologie (18ti2-(?7) and Die P/ltinzcn^loffc in chemiaeher. phiisiolofiiteher, pliarmakolopischer iinrf torikologiiicher Hinsicht (1871), both with his cousin Aicr.sT (1833- 77), who was professor at t'liur; contrib- uted to Maschka's Hnndhuch der periehtliehen Medi::in (1882) and to the Penzold Stinlzin;; Ihindbiieh der speeiellen Thernpie (ISn,!!: and wrote a Handbiieh der rjeiKimten Ar:)ieimillellclire (.3d ed. 1872) and a stu<ly on the plinrmacopoeias of the sixteenth century. Die Kiilnischen Phnrma- Iciipoen und ihre Verfasser (1899). HXrSH, hysh. See Hisi. H0SI, hoii's*. Itum. pron. hoiwh. or HUSH. Tlie capital of the Rumanian District of Falciu, Moldavia, situated a short distance west of the Pruth. and 38 miles south-southeast of Jassy (Map: Balkan Peninsula. G 1). It has a fif- teenth-centurv cathedral and a theolojiical semi- nary. Population, in 188'.), 12.600; in 1899, 15,- 484'. HTIS'KISSON, Wii.UAM (177018.30). An Enslisli -latc-iimn. He was born in Worcester- shire, and in 1783 sent to Paris to study mcilieine. He took part in the storming of the Bastille, and as a menilx>r of the Club of 1789 delivered before his associates a speech on the currency. After his return to Kngtand in 1792 he received a .subordinate appointment under the Torj' Gov- ernment, and formed an intimate acquaintance with Pitt and Canning. As Under-Secretary of War ( I79.5-1S01 I, he did most of the work of that olTice. In 179(5 he entered Parliament, and. with the exception of two years, remained a member for various con-titueneies to his death. He held several offices under Pitt, with wliom he retired in 1801. In 1804 he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the new Pitt Cabi- net, and on Pitt's death in ISOfi he lost his office, but was restored to it by Mr. Perceval in 1807. In 1814 he was made Chief Commissioner of the Woods and Forests: in 1823 president of the Board nf Trade, and in 1827 Secretary of State for the Colonies. Through his exertions the old restrictions on the trade of the Colonies with loreign countries were removed. He nl^o ob- tained the removal or reduction of many import duties, considerable relaxation of the naviga- tion laws, and is in fact mentioned as the great pioneer of free trade. His death, Sep- tember 15, 1830, was caused by injuries received that day at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Consult: Sjieechea, with biographical memoir (3 vols., London, 1831); from the comprehen>ive views which they exhibit, as well as from their full and ;ieeurate details, these speeches are valuable to stidents of p<^ditical economy; V right, lAfo of Hiitkiiifion (privately printed, 1831) ; Hansard, /'arliamenliirii Debates; Greville. Memoirs: A Journal of the lieir/na uf flenrge IV. and William lY. (Ixindon and New York. 1874-75). HtrSS, Henhv H01.DF..N- (1802-). An Ameri- can composer, born in Newark, N. .J. He studied lirst with bis father, (ieorge .1. lluss, and in 1882 entered the Munich Conservatorj-. trermnny. tak- ing up the study of cnunlerpoint, composition, and instrumentation, and the organ imdcr Rhein- berger. During his stay in Germany he studied the pianoforte under fliehrl. and conducting under .bel. In 1885 he been me a resident of New York, and . subsequently liecame well known throughout the country as a composer, pianist, and tca<-her. His compositions, many of which have a European reputation, include a scena for soprano and orchestra. Clenpalrn'a Death; baga- telles. anthein«. intermezzi, songs, part songs, and very charming chamber music. HUSS, .ToiiN (c.1370-1 115). A Bohemian re- ligi'ius reformer. He was born at Husinetz (or llusinec), Bohemia, northwest of Budweis. His baptismal name was ,lan : from his birthplace be was called .lohannes de Hussynecz, or. in Eng- lish. .John Huss. The day and year of lii-i birth are unknown. His parents were Czech (x-asants. He studied at the fniversity of Prague, where be soon made a reputation for scholarship. iK-came M. A. ( 1390). university lecturer ( 1398), dean of the philosophical faculty (1401). and was rector in 1402 and 1403. In philosophy be was a realist. He became a priest in 1401. Owing to the mar- riage in 1382 of Anna, sister of King Weneeslas, to King Richard II. of England, tlicre was much intercourse between Bohemia and England. So the writings of the great Knglish theologian, Wiclif (died 1384), came into Bohemia. Huss read them eagerly, and availed himself of per- mission to lecture up<m them in the university. He went further, and translated them into Bo- hemian, and the world has given Huss credit for writings which were merely translations from Wiclif. He also defended VViclif's opinions, not only in the lecture-room, but from the pulpit. As he was a very popular preacher in the Beth- lehem Chapel in Prague, and confessor to the (^ncen and a scholar of high repute, this stand attracted wide attention. Wiclif had. however, not escaped the charge nf heresy, and so in 1403 Huss was forbidden bv (he university r.nthorities to discuss forty-five sentences or theses which he had derived mostly from Wiclif; and in 1409. when the Pope. Alex- ander V. bad issued his hull airain«t tlie teachings of Wiclif and the .Archbishop of Prague had burned Wielif's writings. Huss felt the cfTect nf the opposition he had stirred up on the part of the
