IGUANODON. 456 IKUNO. Iguanudoii lins not l)een found in the ^Icsozoics of Anicrioa. where it is represented by slniihir genera C'nniptnsaiinis, Laosaiirus, and Tlie»iK'- siiis. A very instruetive aeeoiint of the discovery and early liist<>ry of I<nianodoM. illustratinj; the method by which frnffinentjiry material has after careful work yielded valuable results, is to be found in Mantell's I'ririfarlions and Their Teachings (London, 1851). Si>e also Woodward, Outlines of Vertebrate Pal(roiitoloijy for Students of Zooloriy ( Camhridjre, 1898). See Campto- SAi ms: lltNosAi RlA, IHLANG-IHXANG, .^■Uing'-^-'lang' (JIalay, tlower of llowers). A strong and rich perfume from a Malayan tree {Cananga odarata) of the rustard-apple family (.lnoneir). The perfume is distilled from a volatile oil yielded by the flowers. I. H. N. CLUBS. Sec Lend-aHa.nd Clihs. IHNE, .-'m. WiLilKl-M (l.S21-lil02). A <ier- iiian liistoriaii, born at Fiirth, and educated at Uonn ( IS-'iD^.S). He was private tutor in Kn^'- land ( 1843-47). and returneil to l.iver|)Ool, where he had charge of a school (lS49-ti3). after two years' teaching at Ellierfeld. In 1803 he went to Heidelberg, where he was nia<le professor in 1S73. He wrote: Quwstiones Terentiana: (1843); lie- searehes into the History of the Roman Coiislitu- lion (1853); Plea for the Emperor Tiberius I 1850) : a History of Home (1871-82). of which the German edition was published later, and is partly the work of Zumpt, and Early Rome (1870). IHBE, e're, Jouan (1707-80). A Swedish scholar of Scottish extraction. He was born at Lund, and educated at the I'niversity of L'psala, where lie acquired a great reputation, and car- ried off the highest honors. He subsequently traveled in France and Kngland, was appointed under-lihrarian to the .Academy of Sciences on his return to Sweden, and rose through a variety of offices to be professor of Ix^lles-lettres and political economy (17481. Hire's principal work is his (llossarium Suiogolhieum (1709), which may he regarded as the foundation of Swedish philologj-. It was published at the cost of the State, which gave Hire .$10,000 to execute it. His numerous academical disputations, amount- ing to upward of 450, are still valuable, especial- ly those on the Moeso-Gothic version of the Gos- pels hy Ultilas. I. H. S. See Abbreviations. II KAMON NO KAMI, e-e kii'mfin no ka'm*. or li Naosikk. Baron (1815-01). The Japanese statesman whose wise and vigorous statesman- ship led to the opening of .Japan to foreign na- tions, and the establishment of friendly rela- tions with them. He was the fourteenth son of Baron li. of Hikone on Lake Biwa, and was born of a line of ancestors known honorably in the tenth eenturj'. At twenty-one. 7i went to Yedo, and had his mansion within the inclosure of Yedo Castle at Sakurada. or Cherry Field. In 18.50 he was made heir to the baronetcy, assum- ing the highly honorable title of Kamon no Kami, which gave him standing at the Mikado's court. In 1853 the question of foreign intercourse, pre- cipitated by Commodore Perry, divided the opin- ions of the daimios. Although he shared with many a feeling of hatred toward foreigners, li drew a line of distinction between personal feelings and • national interests, and declared himself to be in favor of intercourse with foreigners, and of a re- vival of the military spirit for national defense. The Shogun lycsaila In-ing childless and in poor health, the question of appointing an heir adiU'd to the complication of the |H"riod. Pressed by Townsend Harris (q.v. ) to sign the treaty whiili he had negotiated, and which the Court in Kioto opposed, tile Shogun had to face a crisis which ad- mitteil of no delay. On .lune 4, 1858. two days after the Mikado's refusal to approve the treaty, the Shogun appointed li to be Tairo or Regent, and on the 5th he was publicly installed, as the virtual ruler of Japan, but acting in the name i<{ the Shogun. The Shogun lycsada died suddenly August i5th, leaving no heirs. Carrying out his master's wishes, li appointed Kikucliiyo, who sub- sequently took the name of lyenioebi, the Prince of Kisliiu, then a child of twelve, to be his suc- cessor, and. takiiig the responsibility, in view of the rapid approach of the squadrons of the Rus- sians. British, and French after their victorious campaign in Cliina. he signed the liberal treaty drawn up by the Iniled States Minister. The treaty with (Jreat Britain followed on August 20th and that with France on (Ictoljer 9lh. The great daimios of Mito, Owari, and Echizen, however, opposed bis nomine<- to the shogunate, the two former daimios wishing also to ha»e Echizen made regent. On the outbreak of the long-gathering storm of op[>osition, li crushed his enemies with a .strong hand, and dispatched an embassy to the United States to ratify the treaty. Among other triumphs he had the Prin- cess Kazu, aunt of the present Emperor, be- trothed in marriage to the young Shogun. and they were married in Yedo in ISO). Before this, on the 23d of March. 1801. a snowy day. while on his way in his ]>alanquin with a large fol- lowing of bodyguards to the palace in Ye<lo, they were attacked by a band of eighteen assassins, seventeen from Mito, one from Satsuma, all of them Ronins. lu the fight which ensued Baron li himself was stabbed, and his head cut off and carried away to the castle town of Mito, and there exposed on a pole. For years the name li rested under a cloud. l)Ut it has been cleansed by Shimada Saburo in hiii book Kai Koka Shimotsa ("Opening of the Country, Beginning and Enl"). which has been translated into Eng- lish under the title of Agitated Japan (1896). The man and the episode of his assassination have given rise to a considerable body of native litera- ture, anrl the episode is treated in fiction by A. C. Maclay in .l/i(o Yashiki (.3d ed., 1899). irWI, f-e'v*. The English spelling by many voyagers of the name of a Hawaiian bird, other- wise known as 'mamo' (q.v.), whose scarlet plu- mage was used for the native feather cloaks. IKAO, /i-ka'6. A famous summer resort of .lapan. situated in the Province of Katsuke, about 20 miles by rail from Takasaki, and 88 miles from Tokio! It is built on the slopes of the Haruna Mountain, and is celebrated for the picturesqueness of its situation as much as for its two hot springs and rich vegetation. The mineral springs have a temperature of 113" F., and contain iron and sulphate of soda. IK MAR'VEL. See Mitchell, Donald Grant. IKUNO, ^i-ktMynft. A mining town of Japan, situated at an altitude of 1200 feet, in the pre- fecture of Hiogo. about 35 miles northwest of Kobe, and 31 "miles by rail from Himeji. Its
