JAMESON. Ill JAMES RIVER. South Africa, succeeded in entering Mashona- land, and discovered the junction of the Umniati and Umfuli rivers, besides brin{;ing to England valuable ornithological specimens. After travels in the Rocky ilountains (1882), in Spain and Algiers (1SS4), Jameson joined Stanley's expe- dition for the relief of Emin Pasha early in 1887, and in June of the same year was left at Yam- buya, where Tippu Tib was to reenforce him. These forces were slow to arrive, and inadequate when they had come. Barttelot pressed on with- out Jameson in June of 1888, and yas shot at Unaria. Jameson punished the assassin, and did all in his power to induce Tippu Tib to ac- company him in the search for Stanley, even offering £20,000 from his owTi funds. To com- municate with England, he left Stanley Falls for Bangalas in August, and there died of fever. He left a Diary of the Emin Pasha Expedition (1890). Stanley's account of Jameson's connec- tion with a cannibal feast, which the latter sketched at Riba Riba, is probably exaggerated; but Jameson cannot be held blameless. JAMESON, Joiix Alexander (1824-90). An American jurist, born at Irasburg, Vt. He graduated at the State University (1846), and from 1867 to 1868 was professor of law in the University of Chicago. For man}' years he was assistant editor of the American La^io Register. He wrote several legal works, including The Constitutional Convention: Its History, Power, and Modes of Proceeding (1867; 4th ed. 1887). JAMESON, Leander Starr (1853—). A Scottish pliysician and soldier, who became prom- inent as leader of the raid into the Transvaal in December, 1895. A son of R. V. .Jameson. Writer to the Signet, he was born in Edinburgh. He studied medicine at London Universitv, graduated M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., in 1875, M.D. 1877, and went to Kimberley, Cape Colony, to practice his profession. Association with Cecil Rhodes led to his appointment as Administrator of Rhodesia in 1891, under the British South Africa Com- pany. In that capacity he organized an expe- dition against the Jlata'bele in. 189.3. In 1894 he was created a C.B. In the course of the discon- tent and political agitation among the Uitlander element in the Transvaal Republic, a body of troops commanded by Dr. Jameson was placed by Rhodes's orders on the borders of the Trans- vaal, prepared to act in case of disturbances. On receipt of a letter from .Johannesburg, the seat of disaffection, .Jameson, acting on his own judgment, invaded the Transvaal, with GOO men, on December 29, 1895. On .January 1st. meeting with resistance at Knigersdorp, he shelled the town, but was unable to carry the position. The next day he moved toward Doornkoop, where, after thirty-six hours of almost continuous fight- ing, and the loss of 17 killed and 49 wounded, he was forced to surrender to the Boers. The raid was condemned throughout the civilized world. President Kruger handed .Jameson and his officers over to the British Government for punishment. They were taken to England, and tried in London. In May. 1896. .Jameson was sentenced tn ten months' imprisonment for an infringement of the Foreign Enlistment Act. but, owing to ill health, was released in December. He returned to Rhodesia in 1897. and unofficially assisted in the development of its resources. He served in the war against the Boer republics. JAMESON, Robert (1774-1854). A Scottish naturalist, born at Leith. He began the study of medicine, but, manifesting a fondness for natu- ral history, he went, in 1800, to Freiburg, Sax- ony, where he studied geologj' under Werner. In 1804 he returned to Edinburgh and was given the' chair of natural history in the university there, which place he held until his death. The natural history museum of the university was largely indebted to Jameson's care and skill, for not only did he arrange its collections, but he also obtained a grant from the Government for its maintenance. He foiinded the Wernerian Society in Edinburgh in 1808, and was a zealous advocate of the Neptunian theories of his master, which he subsequently abandoned, adopting the Plu- tonian or igneous theories of Hutton. With Sir David Brewster he founded, in 1819, the Edin- burgh Philosophical Journal, and in 1826 the Edinburgh Xew Philosophical Journal, which he edited until his death. The geological articles of the fourtli edition of the Encyclopccdia Britan- iiioa were prepared under his supervision. His works include: i^ystem of ilinerulogy (3 vols., 1804-08): Elements of Geognosy (1809): and Manual of Minerals and Mountain Rocks (1821). JAMESONE, or JAMESON, George (c.1588- 1644). A Scottish portrait painter. He was born at Aberdeen, probably in 1588. the son of a mas- ter mason, .fter practicing as a portrait painter at Alierdeen. he went abroad, and was a fellow pupil with Van Dyck under Rubens. He re- turned to Scotland in 1620, and settled at Aber- deen. His earliest works were landscapes and historical subjects, but he gave these up for por- traiture. The most celebrated Scotchmen of the day were his sitters, among whom were James VL, Charles I., Dr. Arthur Johnston (1023), George, fifth Earl Marischal, the great Marquis of Montrose, the first Marquis of Argyll, and the Countess JIarischal. He executed a large number of portraits for Sir Colin Campbell, with whom he visited Italy, where he probably painted the four religious subjects assigned to him in the Chapel of the Scots College, Rome. The latter part of his life was spent chiefly in Edinburgh, where he died in 1644. His style is said to re- semble that of Van Dyck. but is far inferior. It is thin and delicate, and shows various man- nerisms. Consult Bullock, George Jamesone (London, 1885). JAMES RIVER. The largest river in Vir- ginia. It is formed near the middle of the west- ern boimdarv' of the State by the union of the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers, which rise in the Alleghanies (Map: Virginia, H 4). Its general direction is east-southeast, with many large bends and windings, and after widening into a broad and deep tidal estuary for the last 60 miles of its course, it flows into the lower part of Chesapeake Bay through Hampton Roads near Norfolk. Its total length is 4.50 miles, and it is navigable for vessels of 130 tons 150 miles from the sea to Richmond, where it is obstructed by rapids falling 100 feet in 6 miles and affording enormous water-power. From here the .Tames River and Kanawha Canal follows the course of the river beyond the Blue Ridge, The chief tribu- taries of the .James are the Appomattox from tho right, and the Chickahominy from the left, made famous by campaigns in the Civil War, It was on this river that Jamestown, the first permanent
