JENNEB. 173 JENSEN. ing physician three years later, was named physi- cian in ordinary to the royal family in 18G1, and attended the Prince Consort in his last ill- ness. In ISOS lie was made a baronet, and in 1872 Knight Commander of the Bath for his services during the illness of the Prince of Wales. His publications include: On the Identity and yon-ldentitij of Typhoid Fever (1850) ; the Gul- stonian Lectures on Acute Upecific Diseases (1853); Diphtheria, Its l^ymptoms and Treat- ment (1861); Lectures and Essays on Fevers and Diphtheria. (1893); and Clinical Lectures and Essays on Rickets, Tuberculosis, Abdominal Tumours and Other Subjects (1895). JENNET (OF. genette, Sp. yinete, nag, horse- man, probably from Ax. Zanala, name of a Bar- bary tribe famed for its cavaliy). A breed of Spanish horses, which originated in the Middle Ages from a cross between an Arabian stallion and a native mare. They were widely celebrated for speed and grace, having much of the high- stepping action of the barb, and are believed to have contributed much to improve the stock of Northern Europe about the sixteenth centur}'. JEN'NINGS, Louis Johx (18.3G-93). An Anglo-American journalist, editor, and author, born in London. In 1860 he joined the stafl" of the London 7'imcs, and in 1863 went as its special correspondent to India, for a period acting as editor of the Times of India. After 1865 he suc- ceeded Dr. Charles JIackay as the Times repre- sentative in the L'nited States. In 1867 he mar- ried Miss Madeline Hcnrirfues of Xew York, and took up his residence in that city. He was ap- pointed to the editorship of the .Yeic York Times, and his tenure of that office was marked by his scathing and dauntless exposure of the malprac- tices in the municipal government of New York, which resulted in the prosecution and condemna- tion of the chief members of the Tweed Ring. In 1876 he returned to England and engaged in various literary pursuits and in prditics. being elected Conservative member for Stockport in 1885 and 1886. His pul)lished works include: Eighty Years of Republican Government in the United States (1868); Field Paths and Green Lanes: Being Country Walks Chiefly in Surrey and SussejD (1877); Rambles Among the Hills in the Peak of Derbyshire and the South Downs (1880) : The Millionaire, a Novel (3 vols., 1883) ; and Mr. Glad.-itone: A Study (1887). JENNINGS, Samuel (?-1708). An English Quaker, famous as a preacher and legislator in America. He emigrated from Buckinghamshire to Burlington, N. J., in 1680, and three years later, having previously acted as deputy, he was elected Governor of Yest Jersey, but afterwards became a judge in Philadelphia. There he mixed in the controversies of the day. and when George Keith made a schism in the Quaker camp, it was Jennings who denounced him and upheld the action of his American co-religionists at the notable trial in London (1694). Upon his return to America he again made his home in Burling- Irn, N. J., btit freqtiently went on preaching tours through the Quaker districts of the other Col- onies. He became Speaker of the local House and was instrumental in obtaining the recall of the tmpopular British Governor, Lord Cornbury, and in establishing order in the civil government of West Jersey. JEN'NINGS, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (1660-1744). Wife of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough (q.v.). She was born May 29, 1660, the daughter of Richard .Jennings. She entered the household of Mary of ilodena, the second Duchess of York, while still young, and became an attendant of the Princess Anne (later Queen Anne). Anne was an amiable but weak woman, and she was soon under the complete control of the beautiful and imperious Sarah Jennings. Abotit 1676 .Tohn Churchill fell in love with her, and they were married two years later. By her influence over Anne she was of great assist- ance to her husband's career; but tliis w'as also cut short by her quarrels with Queen Anne, arising through the favor the latter showed to Mrs. Slasham (q.v.). About the beginning of 1711 the Duchess of Marlborough was dismissed from all her offices. Thereafter her life con- sisted chiefly of a series of quarrels and lawsuits with friends and relatives. Slie died October 18, 1744. There is an interesting cor- respondence in existence which she and Queen Anne carried on under the pseudonyms of Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Alorley, respectively. Con- sult Murray, Letters of the Duchess of Marl- Itorough (London, 1875). JENSEN, yen'sen, Adolf (1837-79). A Ger- man song composer, born in Konigsberg. He studied a short time under Ehlert and Marpurg, liut was chiefly self-taught. He traveled and tauglit in Russia to secure funds for further study, and after his return was conductor at the Posen City Theatre. He lived in Copenhagen for two .years in order to be near Niels Gade, after v/hicli he returned to Kfjnigsberg. From 1866 to 1868 he taught at Tausig's school in Berlin. While here his health gradually failed, compel- ling him to retire to Dresden, then to Gratz, and finally to Baden-Baden, where he died of con- sumption. He was a gifted and poetical writer of Lieder in the genre of Schumann and Franz, and ranks little below those composers. His pub- lished songs, which have been very successful in the L^nited States, number about 160, and include Der Vngcnannten, six love songs after Geibel ; six Liebeslieder ; Dolorosa, six poems by Cha- misso; Gaudcamus, twelve songs for bass; and some instrumental music, especially for the piano. His unfinished opera, Tu)andot, was completed by W. Kienzl. JENSEN, Peter (1861—). A German Ori- ertalist. born in Bordeaux. He devoted himself to the study of Semitic and Hittite archa?ology and became professor of Semitic philology at the L'niversity of Marburg. Among his publications are Kosmologie der Babylonier (1890) and Bit- titer und .irmenier (1898). JENSEN, WiLHELM (1837—). A German novelist, born at Heiligenhafen in Holstein. He studied medicine at Kiel. Wiirzbnrg. and Breslau. and lived later at ilunich and Stutt- gart, where he edited, from 1868. the Sclnriihische ^'olks^eitung ; at Flensburg, where he edited the Xorddeutsrhe Zeitungi 1S69-72) : at Kiel, at Frei- burg in Breisgau. and, after 1888, in ^lunich. His earlier stories, for instance Die braune Erica (1868) and Eddgstone flS72), were prose idyls admirable in their descriptions of cotmtry scenes. Urban and higher social life then attracted him, and with Tn tier Fremde (1S87) he seemed to he emulating the French Bourget. Later he re-
