JONES. 284 JONQUIL. East India Company erected a monument to his memory in Saint raul's Cathedral, and a statue in Bengal. A complete edition of his works in six volumes was [lubiislied by Lady .Jones in 1799; and another appeared in 13 volumes (Lon- don, 1804-07), with a life of the author by Lord Teignmouth. JONES, William, of Naylvnd (172G-1S00). An Englisli divine. He was born at Lowick, Xorthamplonshire, educated at the Charterhouse and University College, Oxford; ordained priest (1751); became successively curate of Finedon, vicar of Bethersden, rector of Pluckley, Paston, and perpetual curate of Nayland (1777). He adopted, while at Oxford, the pliilosophy of Hutchinson, and subsequently advocated it with great erudition and ingenuity. lie was .a man of vast learning, an able theologian, and a jirolieient in music, and one of the most prominent in the High Church Party of his day. He wrote with vigor against the principles disseminated during the French Revolution, and illustrated by it. He wrote treaiises on music and composed anthems, and founded the Brilish Critic (1703). A com- plete ccdlection of his works was published in 12 voluuK's in 1801, Willi a short life by V. Stevens (new edition in 6 vols., 1810). JONESBOKO, junz'biir-o. A city and the eounty-se.-it of Craighead County, Ark., OS miles northwest of ilemphis; on the Saint Louis South- western, the Kansas Cit.v, Fort Scott and Mem- phis, and other railroads (Map: Arkansas, E 2). It is a manufacturing centre of some im- portance, having flouring and lumber mills, and box, wagon, heading, and stave factories. Set- tled in 1870 and incorporated in 1882, Jones- boro is governed under a charter of 1892 which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council. Population, in 1890, 2005; in 1900, 4508. JONESBORO. A city and the county-seat of Clayton County, Ga., about 18 miles south of Atlanta : c.n the Central of Georgia Railroad (Map: Georgia, B 2). Population, in 1890, 803; in 1900. 877. Here in August, 1864, was fough(, a stubborn battle between the Federal General Howard, at the head of a portion of General Sher- man's army then besieging Atlanta, and the Con- federate General Hardee, commanding about half of the army which, under General Hood, was en- deavoring to hold that city. Howard had been sent to destroy the railroad at this point, and Hardee at 2 p.m. on the 31st made an attempt to drive him across Flint River, but was repulsed with considerable loss, and forced to. retreat. This victory placed the Federals in contiol of the Macon road, and compelled General Hood hur- riedly to evacuate Atlanta. The loss of the Fed- erals in killed, wounded, and missing was about 500; that of the Confederates, while never ac- tually ascertained, was probably ov*r 2000. Con- sult: Sherman's .l/f»ioir.s (2 vols.. New York, 1875) : and Cox's Atlanta (Xew York, 1882) in the "Campaigns of the Civil War Series." JONGE, yong'e, Johannes Cornelius de 1793-1853) . A Dutch historian, born at Zierikzee and educated at Leyden, There he became ac- quainted with Van Wijn. whose assistant he was until 1831, when he succeeded his ma.ster as keep- er of the Dutch archives. .Jonge had shown his patriotism by volunteering for the Hundred Diiys, and in his later years he held various repre- sentative offices. His historical works form the actual basis of Dutch history; they include: WrIiuiKlrliitg ocer dim ourspronij dcr Uocksche cii Kubcljiiauusche lirisliii (1817); llct itrrilc Htaat in de •Statenveryddcriiuicii (1824); the great work, Gescliiedfiiis van Itct Xidirlaiidsclic zeeu-czcn (18.33-48; 2d ed. 1858); and a biog- raphy of Van Wijn (1832). JONGLEUR, zhoN'gler' (OF., from ML. jocu- latui; jester, jugf'ler, from Lat. joculari, to jest, juggle, from joculus, diminutive of jociis, jest, joke), A title given in France during the Jliddle Ages to members of a class of public entertainers or minstrels, who wandered from place to place singing, as a rule, the eompositiinis of others, though some confusion is occasionally found be- tween the functions of the joiujtiur and the trou- hadoiir (q.v. ). The jonyleiir, however, was of a lower and purely mercenary class. JONKOPING, yen'clK-]iing. A town of Swe- den at the soutlicrn extremity of Lake Wetter. It is regularly and well built, and is beautifully situated among lakes and i)ine-elad hills (.Map: Sweden, F 8). It is one of the mo.st im])ortant industrial to^vns of Sweden, and is known throughout the world for its manufactures of matches. Other important products are paper and wood-pulp, arms and machinery. Tlie mari- time trade is considerable. .T(inki>j)ing is an ancient town dating from legendary times; it re- ceived its town charter in 1284. Population, in 1901, 23,143, JON'QUTL (Fr. jonquille. from Lat. juncus, reed). , name given to certain species of Nar- cissus (q.v.) with rush-like leaves. The common A CTLTITATED JO.NQCIL. jonqiiil (Narcissus joiiquiUa), a native of the south of Europe, is one of the most common bulb- ous-rooted plants in flower-borders. It has from two to six yellow flowers at the summit of its scape (leafless stem). The sweet-scented jonquil {yarcissus odorus) , also a native of the south of Europe, is another species A-ery generally cul- tivated. Like other species of Narcissus, these
