KALKAB. 372 KALMIA. justifj' the favorable testimony of Vasari. A portrait of a man. dated lo.'iS, is in the Berlin ^luseiim; anotlier of superior quality, dated 1540, and supposed to be that of the anatomist Vesalius, is in the Louvre, and a third attributed to him, in the Vienna Jluseum, which also con- tains a "Nativity" on a small soale, once in the possession of Jtubens, who valued it to such an extent as always to carry it almut with him. IJuriiiff his resilience in 'enice ICalkar desij,nied tile acliiiiralile illustrations for the famous work of Vesalius. l>r Ilumiini Vorjinria Fabriva (1543). KALKAS, Uiil'kaz, or KHALKHAS. A peo- ple dwelling,' in Northeastern ilonj^olia, forming one section of the Eastern Monijols. They num- ber some 250.000, and according to Deniker (1900), their nation "has still preserved, in spite of its submission to China, some traces of its ancient political organization." KALKEKENNER, kiilk'bren-ner, KniKDiticn Vn.iii:i.M :lnu.EL (1788-1840). A Cerman pianist, born on a journey from Cassel to Berlin. He was taught nuisic by his father, a. composer of contemi)orar' po])ularity, and later studied at the I'aris Conservatory, where he won first prizes in 1801. At Vienna he studied under Clementi and Albreehtsberger. He made many successful concert tours of the Continent and England, living in London from 1814 to 182,"!, after which he .settled in Paris. In the latter city lie became a partner in the Pleyel piano-factory. Kalkbrenncr was ,a pianist of ex- ceptional 1echnic]ue. but his interpretations often lacked (h'lilli ainl emntional power. As a pioneer in the niodeni methods of using the pedals, in the independent development of the fingers and wrists, and especially in the use of the left hand, he was of lasting importance. His inordinate vanity prompted him to advise Chopin to become one of his pupils. He composed many piano- forte pieces, of which the only ones of modem value are his ftudcs. His Mi'thode pour apprcndie le pianofnrtc a ruiilc (hi riuidc-mdiit.i { 1830) , and Traitt' d'iKiniioiiir itii piunistc (1849), are inter- esting historically. KALKOWSKY. l<«!-kAv'skf, Ermst (1851-). A German mineralogist, born at Tilsit and edu- cated at JxMpzig. He became professor at .Tcn;i and director of the mineralogical museum in that city in 1880, and in 1894 accepted a chair in the Dresden Scliool of Technology. He wrote: Die Onrixformiition des Eitlcnijchirfjes (1878), Elemcntc drr lAtholorjie (1880), and many valu- able contributions on mineralogy, crv-stallog- raphy. and geology. KALLAY, kol'li, Benjamin von (1839-190.3). An HiniL'arian statesman. He served in the diplomatic corps and in the Hungarian I.egis- laturc. and from 1875 to 1878 was a consen'ative member of the Austrian Diet. From 1809 to 1875 he was consul-general at Belgrade. and soon urged a vigorous Oriental policy for Austria and the Slavic countries. He was departmental chief in the Foreign Ministry in 1879, acting Minister of Foreign Affairs in the interval between the death of Haymerle and the appointment of Kalnoky, and in 1882 ^Minister of Finance, and charged with the reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzego- vina after the occupation. He wrote a IJimori/ of the f^erhs (1877. in German, 1878). and on Rus- sia's policy in the East (1878, and in German the same year). KALLIWODA, kiil'le-vf/dji, .Ioiiann Wknzel (ISOltitJi. All Austrian violinist and composer, born in Prague. He studied at the Prague Con- servatory, and was a member of the orchestra of the theatre there from 1810 to 1822. From 1823 until his retirement in 1S53 he was kapell- meister to the Prince of Fiirsteiiberg at Doiiau- eschingen. As a virtuoso he displayed a linisbed techniiiiie, but no especial interpretative power; as .a coiiipo.ser he was 'pleasing and ell'ective,' but quite unoriginal. His works include seven symphonies, fourteen overtures, two concertos for violin, seven concertinos for that instrument, three quartets for strings, and some vocal com- positions. Schumann spoke in praise of the fifth symphony (B minor, op. 106). KALM, kiilm, Peter (1715-79). A Swedish botanist, educated at the Universities of Abo and Upsala. He was a friend of Linnanis, who rec- ommended him to the Swedish Government, which in 1748 dispatched him to Norlli .iiicrica for the purpo.se of making investigations in nat- ural history. He remained abroad during three years, and on his return to Sweden published an account of his travels under the title, A Journey to North America (1753-01), which was trans- lated into English and published in London in 1772. The genus Kaliiiia, indigenous to North America, was named in his honor. KALMAN, kiil'miin. A King of Hungary. See KoLOMAN". KALMAR, kal'miir, or CALMAR. The ea])- ital of Kalmar Liin. Sweden, situated on the Kalinar Sound, opposite the island of Oland. and about 200 miles s<nitliwest of Stockholm (Map: Sweden, G 8). It is built partly on the main- land and partly on three islands in the sound, and is one of the most regularly built towns of Sweden, with a public park and several fine promenades. The most notalile building is the cathedral, built in the seventeenth century in the style of the Italian Kenaissance; on a penin- sula outside the city stands the famous Kalmar Castle, a square building with five towers and surrounded by an outer wall. It dates from the twelfth century, was considered the strongest fortification in Scandinavia during the Miildle Ages, and was the scene of many important historic incidents; it now contiiins an historical museum. Of educational institutions, Kalmar has a scniinarj' and a school of navigation. In- dustrially it has progressed slowly, the principal articles of manufacture being matches and jiaper, but it has a, good harbor, with shipyards, and a lively foreign and coastal trade. Po]mbitinn. in 1901. 1'2.715. Kalmar is a very old town, and as a fortified and strategic point it figured in the wars Ijctween the Danes and Swedes. In 1397 the treaty, brought about by Queen Margaret, the daughter of Waldcmar III., establishing the Kalmar Union, by which the crowns of Den- mark, Norway, and Sweden were to remain united under one sovereign, was concluded here. KALMIA (Neo-Lat.. named in honor of Peter Kalm). A genus of North American plants of the natural order Ericacea". consisting mostly of evergreen shrubs, about two or three feet high, generally with cor^nnbs of red, pink, or white very delicate and beautiful flowers, the corollas of which resemble a wide shallow bell. They delight in a peat soil. Knlmi<i IntifoIin.U^ moun- tain laurel or calico bush, occupies large tracts
