KANADA. 379 KANCHIL. planted his real name. Beside this he was also dubbed 'Atom-Devourer,' Kana-bhaksha, Kana- bliuj. According to some he was identical with the sage KaSyapa, as holding the individuality of single spirits as distinct from the Supreme Spirit. See VaiSesiiika. KANAGAWA, kii'na-gil'wa (Japanese, Gold- en Stream). A prefectiiral town of Japan, on the Bay of Tokio, near Yokohama. It is on the Tokaido, or East Sea Road, which connects Tokio with Kioto, and also on the railway. Popu- lation, 11,345. Its only importance is the fact that it was the official site of the treaty port; but being on the great highway along which the great daimios and their numerous armed retain- ers were daily passing (foreigners were unneces- sarily exposed to their hostility and constant attacks ) , the Japanese Government was much pleased when the foreign community moved ■across the Strand' to Yokohama. KANAKA, ka-na'ka (Hawaiian, man). A term used at first by the white sailors and traders to designate the natives of the Hawaiian Islands, and later on all Polynesian slaves, contract la- borers, etc. Some ethnologists (e.g. Peschel in 1874) employed the tenn to denote the Hawaii- ans, others (e.g. Quatrefages and Topinard in 1870-78) spoke of the "Kanaka or Polynesian race,' using it in the widest sense. It is now in use in the sense of 'coolie,' 'contract laborer,' etc. KANANUR, ka'na-noor', or CANANOBE. A municipal seaport and military station of the Malabar District. Madras, British India, 50 miles north of Calicut (Map: India, C 6). The town stands at the head of a bay, which, opening from the south, forms its harbor, while the fort and cantonments occupy the blufl' headland, which shelters the inlet on the side of the Arabian Sea. The anchorage is two miles from the shore. Be- sides pepper, grain, and timber, the neighbor- hood produces immense quantities of cocoanuts, which are largely exported northward. Kananur has been a British possession since 1791, when it was taken from Tippu Sultan. Population, in 1891, 27,418; in 1901, 27,811. KANARESE, kan'a-rez'. The southwestern section of the Dravidian peoples of Southern Hindustan. They number some ten millions and inhabit the tableland of Mysore, a part of South- ern Bombay, and the Kanara country on the southeast coast north of the Malayalim. They are one of the civilized Dravidian peoples, possessing an alphabet derived from the ancient Hindu and a written literature, some of whose chief works go back to the twelfth century. Their language, like the Tamil and Telugu, is a member of the Dravidian group of tongues, and it serves as the vernacular of some nine millions of persons. (See Draviihans. ) There are several Kanarese poet- ical anthologies; one was published by Kittel (ilangalore, 1874). A sketch of the Kanarese literature will be found in the introduction to the grammar of the language issued by Rice. y<i(jn yarmmii's Karnataka Bhaslin-Bhiishonri (Banga- lore. 1SS4). For a lexicon, consult: Kittel. Kan- nnrn-F,tHilisli Dictionnri/ (Mangalore. 1804) ; and Bucher. Kfinnnra-English 8chool Dictionary (Mangalore, 1899). KANARIS, ka-na'ris, Ko>'Stantine (1790- 1877). A native of the island of Ipsara, in the Creek Archipelago, distinguished for his exploits Vol. XI— -25. in the Greek War of Independence. In June, 1822, he blew up the Turkish admiral's ship in the Strait of Chios to avenge the cruelties which the Turks had perpetrated on the Greeks of that island. In November of the same year he burned the Turkish admiral's ship in the harbor of Tenedos. His native island of Ipsara having been ravaged, he took revenge August, 1824, by burning a large Turkish frigate and some transport ships which were carrying troops to Samos, and thereby saved Samos from the calamity which Chios and Ipsara had under- gone. In 1825 he formed the bold design of burning the Egyptian fleet in the harbor of Alexandria, where it lay ready to carry troops to the Peloponnesus, and only an unfavorable wind prevented his success. In 1827 he represented his island in the National Legislature, and later wa.s appointed to important commands by Capo D'Istria. In 1848 he was Minister of Marine and president of the Cabinet, took part in the Revolution of 1862, and held office repeatedly under the new King, Prince George of Denmark, his last official position being that of president of the Cabinet and Minister of Marine from June, 1877, till his death, on September 14th. KANAtrj, ka-nouj', or KTTNNOJ. An an- cient city of British India, capital of the per- gunnah of the same name, in the District of Far- rukhabad, 65 miles north-northwest of Lucknow, on the Kali Nadi, about 5 miles above its junc- tion with the Ganges. At present the place is little more than an expanse of ruins covering a semicircle at least four miles i'n diameter. The few poor people now in the city live in nuul huts built up against the old walls. The present town is about a mile long and half a mile broad, with a ruined fort of no great antiquity. The most remarkable buildings are two handsome Mohammedan mausoleums, erected in honor of Bala Pir and his son, about 1650. Kanauj was formerly one of the greatest^as well as the oldest, of Indian cities, and Lower Bengal is said to have been Ilinduized as early as the ninth century B.C. by five Brahmans from this place, to whom all the Brahmans in the Lower Provinces now claim to trace their descent. Until about the twelfth century a.d. it continued to be the chief city of India, despite its capture both by Mah- nuid of Ghazni and Muhammad of Ghuri. In 1193 it was attacked by Muizz-ud-Din Muham- mad ibn Sam, Sultan of Delhi, and of the House of Ghuri, who defeated the King of Kanauj and overthrew his monarchy. After this the his- tory of the place consists only of a succession of disasters. KANAWHA, ka-na'wa, Great. A river of the United States. See Great Kanawha. KANAZAWA, ka'na-za'wa. The capital of the Province of Kaga (q.v.), Japan. KAN'CHIL (East Indian name). The small- est of the deerlets or chevrotains (q.v.) of the family Tragulid.Te, which inhabits the Malayan Islands, and especially Java, whence it-s name {Trai/iilus Jaraniciis). It is less than a foot higli. and is gray, becoming reddish on the sides: the under parts white, with a dark stripe running up the breast. It lives in the thickets of the junsilc, or rocky places. During the day it is in hiding, and displays such astuteness generally that the Malays have a saying, 'cunning as a kanchil.'
