KAKATHEODOEI. 401 KAELOWITZ. Porte to the Congress of Berlin. On his return (November, 1878) he was appointed Governor- General of Crete, and in December he became Minister of Foreign Affairs, as the first Christian to occupy that position. He resigned in 1879 and in 1S95 was reappointed Governor-General of Crete. KARAULI, ka-rou'le. A native State of In- dia. See Keiiaili. KARAVELOFF, ka'ra-valof, Petko (1840- 1903). A Bulgarian statesman. He was educated at Moscow, where he taught for several years. Soon after his return to Bulgaria he was ap- pointed Vice-Governor ol Vidin. He took a prominent part in politics at the head of the Liberals, and in 1S80 became Minister of Finance, and at the close of the year head of the Cabinet. hen the Constitution, framed in 1879 by a national assembly of which he was vice-president, was overthrown by the coup d'etat of 1881, he left Bulgaria, and did not return until 1883. He was again Premier 1S84-8C. and on the forcible ab- dication of Alexander was appointed member of the regency. On the accession of Ferdinand, his power waned, and in .July. 1892, he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment for conspiracy, but he was pardoned three years afterwards, and was ■elected to the National Assembly (Sobranje). Once more he became Premier in 1901, but was forced out in 1902 by an attack on his financial policy. KARAWALA, ka'ra-wala, or CARAWILA (East Indian name I . A viperine snake of South- "western India and Ceylon {Bijpnale nepa or An- kistrodon hypnale) . closely allied to the Ameri- -can copperhead. It is of small size, rarely exceeding 20 inches in length, and has the ex- tremity of the upturned muzzle covered with scales. The poison acts slowly, and yields to remedies quickly applied. See Vipeb; and Plate of FOBEIGX VexOMOLS SeKPESTS with SXAKE. KARCZAG, kort'sog. A town of Great Ku- niania. Hungary, 35 miles southwest of Debrec- zin. on the Szolnok-Grosswardein State Railroad. It is the seat of justice and of the criminal courts of an extensive district. In the neighbor- ing swamps large quantities of tortoises are caught, the shells w" which are used in domestic manufacture. Population, in 1900, 20.896. KAREI-IANS. A Finnish tribe of East Fin- land proper and Russia: height 1.680 m. in Finland, and 1.642 m. in Russia. They are brachycephalic, of good figure, and have regu- lar features, with light curly hair and blue eyes. At present they number upward of one million. The Karelians represent the most ad- vanced type of Finns, being warlike, active, thrifty, and honest. They are farmers, but the country is sterile and famines are frequent. The national epic of Finland, called Kalevala, is a collection of Karelian folk-songs. Poetry and music are cultivated, and the poetical language is smooth, with n copious vocabulary. See Finnish Laxgfage and Liteeatcre. KARENS, ka'renz. A people related by phys- ical characteristics, as well as by language, to the Burmese, but of a more primitive type. They inhabit the mountainous regions of Arakan. Pegu, nnd Tenasserim. and larsre districts in Upper Burma, numbering altogether more than a mill- ion, of whom abou^ a quarter are said to be Chris- tians (the result of American missions). Their earlier habitat is said to have been Yun-nan, whence they followed the !Mons into Burma. The Karens are capable of considerable civilization, and possess many estimable qualities. The heathen Karens are nature-worshipers. Where not influenced by the Burmese, etc., the Karens seem to have been monogamous. There is in- creasing literature in Karen since the reduction of the language of the Christian commimities to writing by the missionaries. In 1847-50 Wade published in Karen a four-volume Thesaurus of Karen Knowledge, comprising Legends, Tradi- tions, Customs, Superstitions, Demonologi/, etc. Besides Mason, Civilizing Mountain Men (ib., 1862), and other early works, may be men- tioned Macmahon, Karens of the Golden Cher- sonese (London. 1876) ; Colquhoun, Among the Shans (ib., 1885) ; Smeaton, The Loyal Karens of Burma (ib., 1887). KARIEAL, ka're'kal'. A French possession on the Coromandel coast, India, on the estuary of one of the branches of the Kaveri, within the limits of the British District of Tanjore (Map: India, D 6). It contains 63 square miles, with 70,526 inhabitants (1891), of whom the great majority are natives. Karikal is 150 miles south of iladras. The town is well built, and carries on a considerable e.port and import trade with the French colonies. Ceylon, and Europe. Kari- kal was ceded to the French by the Rajah of Tanjore in 1759. Having subsequently fallen into the hands of the English, it was restored at the general pacification of 1814, on condition that it should not contain a fortification nor have a garrison, unless for purposes of police. KARIMATA,^ kii're-ma'ta. See Cabimata. KARLI, kilr'le. A renowned Buddhistic rock temple, the largest in India, at the village of the same name, 25 miles southeast of Bombay, on the road to Poona. The entrance is in a per- pendicular wall of rock 850 feet in height at an elevation of about 2400 feet above sea-level. Be- fore the vestibule stands a great column sur- mounted by four lions. The broad entrance leads to a hall 126 feet long, 45^2 feet broad, and 46 feet high, with a semicircular roof. The chamber is divided by two rows of 16 columns into a nave and two side aisles. The capitals of the columns are richly decorated, and have the shape of an inverted bell surmounted by two elephants, each supporting two figures. Smaller caves at the sides were probably the dwelling- places of monks or hermits. KARLINGS. A dynasty of Prankish kings. See C.ROI.INGIANS. KARLOWITZ, karld-vlts (Hun. KarUcza, Croat. Karlovce). A town of Croatia-Slavonia, Hungary, situated a short distance from the right bank of the Danube, eight miles south- southeast from Peter wardein (Map: Hungary, F 4). It is known for its red wine and plum brandy. Its historical fame is due to the treaty concluded here with the Sultan in 1699. by which Austria was awarded the territory be- tween the Danube and the Theiss, as well as Transylvania, Russia came into the possession of the Sea of Azov region. Poland regained Ka- menetz. and Venice obtained the Morea and a part of Dalmatia. The town has a Greek-Catho- lic cathedral, a higher gymnasium, a theological seminary, and a lyceum, and is the seat of a Greek archbishop and of the patriarch. Popula-
