KELLER. 431 KELLER. KELLER, Albebt VON (18-15—). A German- Swiss lii^torical and genre painter, born at Gais, near Zurich. He studied philosophy and law at the University of Munich, before taking up painting as a pupil of Lenbach. and after- wards of Kamberg at the academy there. After traveling in Italy, France, England, and the Xetherlands, he exhibited in Vienna (1873) "An Audience with Louis XV.," then painted for a time groups and female figtires in modern cos- tume, and in Paris (1882-831 scenes, from the life of antiquity with rich architectural surround- ings. "A Roman Bath" (Kijnigsberg Museum) was followed by the ma.sterly "Raising of .Jairus's Daughter" (1886, Kew Pinakothek, Jliinich), "Empress Faustina in the Temple of Juno at Praeneste," "Witch's Sleep" (1888), a girl hypnotized standing on the burning stake, and "Saint .Tulia on the Cross" ( 1892 ) . He is considered one of the finest modern colorists, and was awarded gold medals in Munich and Berlin. He was made professor at and honorary member of the Munich Academy, and was decorated in 1898 with the Order of the Bavarian Crown, which conferred upon him nobility. A selection of his works, in photogravure, was published in ilunich in 1899. KELLER, ka'lar', Emile ( 1828— ) . A French politician, born at Belfort. In 1857 he was elect- ed Deputy for the Haut-Rhin District, and soon made himself prominent as a leader of the Roman Catholic Party. He lost his seat in 1863, but was reelected in 1869. He commanded a volunteer corps in the Franco-Prussian War, and as a mem- ber for Haut-Rhin again in 1871 he made a stir- ring speech against the cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. When the treaty was signed, he left the Assembly, ■nith other Alsa- tians, but was back as member for Belfort in 1876, and again in 1885. His publications in- clude: Hisloire de France (1858); L'Encyclique et les liberies de I'Eglise gallicane (1860) ; L'En- cyclique et les principea de nSO (1865) ; Le gene- ral de Lamoriciere (1873) ; Les congregations re- ligieuses en France (1880). KELLER, kSl'ler, Ferdixaxd (1800-81). A Swiss archieologist. born al ilarthalen. He stud- ied theology and natural sciences at Zurich, Lau- sanne, and Paris. In 1831 he was made an in- structor at Zurich, and secretary of the Society for Natural Research, and in this capacity he published various works on naked roek soil and vent-holes. The discovery of the sepulchral mound at Burghijlzli led to the founding of an antiquarian society of which Keller was long president, and of a museum, the growth of which wa.s largely due to him. His most important dis- covery was the pile-dwelling at Obermeilen in the winter of 1853. Besides his articles on this sub- ject in the proceedings of the Antiquarian Society he published: Bauriss des Klosters Sankt (lallen vom Jahr S20 (1841), and an arch^ological map of Eastern Switzerland (1874). Consult: Meyer von Knonau. Lebensabriss ron Ferdinand Keller (Zurich. 1882) : and Lee. The Lake Dicellings of Saitzerland. and Other Parts of Europe, by Dr. F. h'dhr (2d ed., London, 1878). KELLER, Febdin. d (1842—). A German historical painter, born at Karlsruhe. In 1857 he accompanied his father and brother to Brazil, and there sketched diligently from nature in the tropical forests. He retvirned to Karlsruhe in 1862, studied landscape painting under Schirmer, and then figure painting under Canon, whereupon he spent four years in Italy, mostly in Rome. His "Death of Philip II." was awarded the hrst prize at the International Art E.xhibition in Rio de .Janeiro. Besides some large landscape com- positions, and numerous portraits, he next pro- duced "Burning of Rome L'nder Xero" (1873, medal Vienna E.vposition), and became more widely known through his successful competition for the painting of the curtain in the Xew Thea- tre at Dresden, which he executed in 1876. Then followed "Victory of Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden Over the Turks at Salankamen. 1691" (1879, Karlsruhe Gallery): "Hero Finding the Body of Leander" (1880, Vienna Academy) ; and later "Apotheosis of William the Victorious" (1888, Xational Gallery, Berlin). He scored a great triumph with a large allegorical composi- tion, representing the founding of the university in a "Triumphal Progress of Pallas Athene Be- fore Elector Ruprecht" (1886), in the Aula of Heidelberg University. He was made professor at the School of Art in Karlsruhe, and ranks among the chief representatives of modern color- ism in Germany. KELLER, Friedrich Ludwig von (1799- 1800). A Swiss-German juriat, pupil of Savigny. He w'as born .at Zurich, studied jurisprudence at Berlin and Gottiugen (1819-22), and on his re- turn home became professor of civil law, took aa active part in Swiss polities, aud soon became head of the liberal radicals of Zurich. In 1831 he was made head of the Swiss justiciary. From 1843 to 1847 he was professor in the University and then went to Berlin as successor of Puchta. He became a Conservative member of the Lower House, aud because of his services to the mo- narchical party was ennobled. His principal works are Vcber Litiscontestation and Lrteit (1827) and Der riiinische Zivilprozess und die Aktionen (6th ed. 1883). His Vorlesungen iiber die Pandekten was edited bv Friedberg ( 1861) , and by Lewis (1867). KELLER, Gottfried (1819-90). A Swiss novelist and poet, remarkable for his blending of the humorous and the tragic, the realistic and the romantic. After a vain attempt to become a painter at Munich (1840-42), he returned to his native Zurich and devoted himself to litera- ture. From 1848 to 1854 he lived chiefly at Heidelberg and Berlin, and in the latter year was made First State .Secretary (Htautsschreiber) of Canton Zurich, a post which he resigned in 1876. He died at Zurich in 1890. His first vol- umes were poetry: Gedichte (Heidelberg, 1846) and Neue Gedichte (Brunswick, 1851). His poems were collected in 1883 ( 10th ed.. 2 vols., Berlin, 1895). By far his most significant work is the autobiographical romance Der grime Uein- rich (1854: much altered for the better in a revi- sion of 1879: 16th ed. 1897). Die Leute von Seld- tryla (1856: 2d part 1876") is marked by the poetic faithfulness of its delineation of Swiss peasant character. Of its short stories. "Romeo und Julie auf dem Dorfe" and "Der Schmied seines Gliicks" are among the most finished in German literature. Keller published a volume of ^•ieben Lcirntden (1872: 4th ed. 1887) : two vol- umes of Ziiricher yoveUen ( 1876: ISth ed. 1896) ; and other tales in Das Kinngedicht (1883; 10th ed. 1901). A satirical novel. Martin Salander (1SS6), was his last work. Consult: Brahra, Gottfried Keller (Berlin, 1883); Viseher, Altes
